Integrated system for electrochemical energy storage system

An electrochemical energy storage system, comprising:

• (a) an electrochemical cell stack;
• (b) a flow manifold plate to distribute a plurality of liquid reactants within the electrochemical energy storage system, the flow manifold plate comprising:
• a plurality of flow manifold apertures to provide fluid communication with the electrochemical cell stack;
• a plurality of liquid reactant flow channels to receive a plurality of liquid reactants and to distribute the plurality of liquid reactants to the plurality of flow manifold apertures, wherein the plurality of liquid reactant flow channels comprise a plurality of recessed channels on a side of the flow manifold plate, and wherein the plurality of liquid reactant flow channels includes a plurality of reference cell channels;
• a first impeller housing recessed in the flow manifold plate and shaped and sized to receive an impeller of a first liquid reactant pump motor, wherein the first impeller housing distributes a first liquid reactant to at least one of the plurality of flow manifold apertures, wherein the first liquid reactant is an anolyte solution;
• a first impeller inlet aperture to provide the first liquid reactant to the first impeller housing;
• a second impeller housing recessed in the flow manifold plate and shaped and sized to receive an impeller of a second liquid reactant pump motor, wherein the second impeller housing distributes a second liquid reactant to at least one of the plurality of flow manifold apertures, wherein the second liquid reactant is a catholyte solution, and wherein the second impeller housing is distinct from the first impeller housing;
• and
• a second impeller inlet aperture to provide the second liquid reactant to the second impeller housing;
• and
• (c) a reference cell situated atop and in fluid communication with the plurality of reference cell channels, wherein the reference cell provides an indication of electrical performance of the electrochemical cell stack,
• wherein the flow manifold plate and the reference cell are external to an outer enclosure housing the electrochemical cell stack, and
• wherein the plurality of liquid reactants is selected from the group consisting of a vanadium redox based liquid reactant, a polysulfide bromide based liquid reactant, a zinc-bromine based liquid reactant, a cerium-zinc based liquid reactant, and a lead based liquid reactant.

An electrochemical energy storage system, comprising:

• (a) an electrochemical cell stack;
• (b) a liquid reactant distribution system, comprising:
• (i) a flow manifold cover, comprising:
• a plurality of reactant ports, including an anolyte input, an anolyte output, a catholyte input, and a catholyte output,
• a plurality of mounting points to support a plurality of liquid reactant distribution system components mounted on the flow manifold cover via mechanical coupling of the liquid reactant distribution system components to the mounting points, and
• a plurality of component ports distinct from the plurality of reactant ports, at least one of the plurality of component ports in fluid communication with at least one of the plurality of mounted liquid reactant distribution system components;
• and
• (ii) a flow manifold, comprising,
• a plurality of flow manifold apertures to provide fluid communication with the electrochemical cell stack,
• a plurality of liquid reactant flow channels to receive a liquid reactant from the plurality of reactant ports and to distribute the liquid reactant to the plurality of flow manifold apertures and the at least one of the plurality of component ports;
• and
• (c) a reference cell mounted on an outer surface of the flow manifold cover and in fluid communication with at least one of the plurality of component ports, wherein the reference cell provides an indication of the electrical performance of the electrochemical cell stack,
• wherein the liquid reactant distribution system is external to an outer enclosure housing the electrochemical cell stack, and
• wherein the flow manifold is disposed between the electrochemical cell stack and the flow manifold cover.