Lithium secondary battery

A lithium secondary battery comprising:

• a positive electrode;
• an electrolyte comprising lithium ions;
• and
• a negative electrode current collector having a surface on which a lithium metal or a lithium alloy is deposited/dissolved, wherein
• the negative electrode current collector has a crystal structure,
• in the surface of the negative electrode current collector, a group comprising at least one region whose principal crystal plane is a close-packed plane of the crystal structure or an off plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the close-packed plane occupies the largest area among three or four groups each comprising at least one region having a principal crystal plane three of whose Miller indices are each represented by 0 or 1 or an off-plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the principal crystal plane, the principal crystal plane being different for each of the three or four groups,
• a material of the negative electrode current collector contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Fe, Ti, W, Ta, and Zn, stainless steel, or graphite,
• the crystal structure is a body-centered cubic lattice structure,
• the close-packed plane is a {110} plane, and
• the principal crystal planes other than the close-packed plane are each a {001} plane or a {111} plane.

A lithium secondary battery comprising:

• a positive electrode;
• an electrolyte comprising lithium ions;
• and
• a negative electrode current collector having a surface on which a lithium metal or a lithium alloy is deposited/dissolved, wherein
• the negative electrode current collector has a crystal structure,
• in the surface of the negative electrode current collector, a group comprising at least one region whose principal crystal plane is a close-packed plane of the crystal structure or an off plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the close-packed plane occupies the largest area among three or four groups each comprising at least one region having a principal crystal plane three of whose Miller indices are each represented by 0 or 1 or an off-plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the principal crystal plane, the principal crystal plane being different for each of the three or four groups,
• a material of the negative electrode current collector contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Fe, Ti, W, Ta, and Zn, stainless steel, or graphite,
• the crystal structure is a hexagonal close-packed structure,
• the close-packed plane is a {0001} plane, and
• the principal crystal planes other than the close-packed plane are each a {10-10} plane, a {10-11} plane, or a {11-20} plane.