Three-terminal metastable symmetric zero-volt battery memristive device

A method of providing symmetric modulation between resistance states of a memristive device, the method comprising:

• forming a first electrode and a second electrode each directly contacting an insulation substrate therein;
• forming an anode contacting the first and second electrodes;
• forming an ionic conductor over the anode;
• forming a cathode over the ionic conductor;
• and
• enabling bidirectional transport of ions between the anode and cathode resulting in a resistance adjustment of the memristive structure,
• wherein the anode and the cathode are formed from metastable materials and wherein the metastable materials are metastable phase separated mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIEC) whose conductivity is dependent on a concentration of an intercalated mobile ion, and
• wherein the resistance adjustment involves resistance switching that maintains the symmetric modulation between the resistance states.