Conductive polymer dispersion for improved reliability

A dispersion comprising:

• first particles comprising conductive polymer and polyanion wherein said first particles have an average particle diameter of at least 1 micron to no more than 10 microns;
• second particles comprising said conductive polymer and said polyanion wherein said second particles have an average particle diameter of at least 1 nm to no more than 600 nm;
• wherein said conductive polymer comprises conjugated groups having the structure of Formula I:
• wherein:
• R1 and R2 independently represent linear or branched C1-C16 alkyl or C2-C18 alkoxyalkyl;
• or are C3-C8 cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl which are unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halogen or OR3;
• or R1 and R2, taken together, are linear C1-C6 alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halogen, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, C1-C4 alkylphenyl, C1-C4 alkoxyphenyl, halophenyl, C1-C4 alkylbenzyl, C1-C4 alkoxybenzyl or halobenzyl, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocyclic structure containing two oxygen elements;
• R3 represents hydrogen, linear or branched C1-C16 alkyl or C2-C18 alkoxyalkyl;
• or are C3-C8 cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl which are unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6 alkyl;
• and
• X is S, N or O;
• and
• said polyanion is represented by Formula 2:
• AxByCz Formula 2
• wherein:
• A is polystyrenesulfonic acid or salt of polystyrenesulfonate;
• B and C separately represent polymerized units substituted with a group selected from:
• -carboxyl groups;
• —C(O)OR6 wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of:
• an alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, azide, phosphate, acrylate, anhydride and
• —(CHR7CH2O)b—R8 wherein:
• R7 is selected from a hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 7 carbons;
• b is an integer from 1 to the number sufficient to provide a molecular weight of up to 200,000 for the —CHR7CH2O— group;
• and
• R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, silane, phosphate, acrylate, an alkyl of 1 to 9 carbons optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, phosphate, azide, acrylate, and anhydride;
• —C(O)—NHR9 wherein:
• R9 is hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, phosphate, azide, acrylate and anhydride;
• —C6H4—R19 wherein:
• R10 is selected from:
• a hydrogen or alkyl optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, phosphate, azide, acrylate and anhydride;
• a reactive group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, imide, amide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, phosphate, azide, acrylate, anhydride and
• —(O(CHR11CH2O)d—R12 wherein:
• R11 is a hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 7 carbons;
• d is an integer from 1 to the number sufficient to provide a molecular weight of up to 200,000 for the —CHR11CH2O— group;
• R12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl of 1 to 9 carbons optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, phosphate, azide, acrylate and anhydride;
• —C6H4—O—R13 wherein:
• R13 is selected from:
• a hydrogen or an alkyl optionally substituted with a reactive group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, azide, acrylate, phosphate and anhydride;
• a reactive group selected from the group consisting of epoxy, silane, alkene, alkyne, acrylate, phosphate and
• —(CHR14CH2O)e—R15 wherein:
• R14 is a hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 7 carbons;
• e is an integer from 1 to the number sufficient to provide a molecular weight of up to 200,000 for the —CHR14CH2O— group;
• and
• R15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl of 1 to 9 carbons optionally substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, epoxy, silane, amide, imide, thiol, alkene, alkyne, azide, acrylate, phosphate and anhydride;
• x, y and z, taken together are sufficient to form a polyanion with a molecular weight of at least 100 to no more than 500,000;
• y/x is 0 to 100;
• and
• z is 0 to a ratio z/x of no more than 100.