Liquid crystal element and lighting apparatus

A liquid crystal element comprising:

• a first substrate and a second substrate disposed facing each other, and
• a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate,
• wherein the first substrate has a counter electrode provided on one surface side thereof,
• wherein the second substrate has a plurality of inter-pixel electrodes and a plurality of wiring parts provided on one surface side thereof, an insulating layer provided above the plurality of inter-pixel electrodes and the plurality of wiring parts, and a plurality of pixel electrodes provided above the insulating layer,
• wherein the plurality of pixel electrodes are arranged along a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction in plan view,
• wherein each of the plurality of inter-pixel electrodes is arranged, in plan view, so as to at least overlap with a gap between two of the pixel electrodes that are adjacent to each other in the first direction among the plurality of pixel electrodes, and is connected to one of the two pixel electrodes through a through hole provided in the insulating layer, and
• wherein each of the plurality of wiring parts is connected to one of the plurality of inter-pixel electrodes and is arranged on a lower layer side with respect to the plurality of pixel electrodes.