Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer, wherein

• the photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer and contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin,
• the binder resin includes a polyarylate resin,
• the polyarylate resin is represented by general formula (1) shown below,
• the hole transport material is represented by general formula (HTM1), general formula (HTM2), general formula (HTM3), general formula (HTM4), general formula (HTM5), general formula (HTM6), or general formula (HTM7) shown below,
• a scratch resistant depth of the photosensitive layer is no greater than 0.50 μm, and
• a Vickers hardness of the photosensitive layer is at least 17.0 HV,
• where in general formula (1),
• Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 each represent, independently of one another, a methyl group or a hydrogen atom,
• r, s, t, and u each represent, independently of one another, a number greater than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 35,
• r+s+t+u=100,
• r+t=s+u,
• X and Y each represent, independently of one another, a divalent group represented by chemical formula (2A), chemical formula (2B), chemical formula (2C), or chemical formula (2D) shown below, and
• X and Y are different from each other,
• in general formula (HTM1),
• R1, R2, R3, and, R4 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6,
• a1, a2, a3, and a4 each represent, independently of one another, an integer of at least 0 and no greater than 5,
• when a1 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R1 may be the same as or different from one another,
• when a2 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R2 may be the same as or different from one another,
• when a3 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R3 may be the same as or different from one another, and
• when a4 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R4 may be the same as or different from one another,
• in general formula (HTM2), R5, R6, R7, and R8 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6,
• in general formula (HTM3),
• R9, R10, R11, and R12 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6,
• b1, b2, b3, and b4 each represent, independently of one another, an integer of at least 0 and no greater than 5,
• when b1 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R9 may be the same as or different from one another,
• when b2 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R10 may be the same as or different from one another,
• when b3 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R11 may be the same as or different from one another, and
• when b4 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R12 may be the same as or different from one another,
• in general formula (HTM4),
• R13, R14, R15, and R16 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6,
• c1, c2, c3, and c4 each represent, independently of one another, an integer of at least 0 and no greater than 5,
• when c1 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R13 may be the same as or different from one another,
• when c2 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R14 may be the same as or different from one another,
• when c3 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R15 may be the same as or different from one another, and
• when c4 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R16 may be the same as or different from one another,
• in general formula (ETM5), R17, R18, R19, R20, and R21 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6,
• in general formula (HTM6),
• R22, R23, and R24 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6,
• d1, d2, and d3 each represent, independently of one another, an integer of at least 0 and no greater than 5,
• when d1 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R22 may be the same as or different from one another,
• when d2 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R23 may be the same as or different from one another,
• when d3 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R24 may be the same as or different from one another, and
• R25 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6, and
• in general formula (HTM7),
• R26, R27, and R28 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6,
• e1, e2, and e3 each represent, independently of one another, an integer of at least 0 and no greater than 5,
• when e1 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R26 may be the same as or different from one another,
• when e2 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R27 may be the same as or different from one another,
• when e3 represents an integer of at least 2 and no greater than 5, chemical groups R28 may be the same as or different from one another, and
• R29, R30, and R31 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or an aryl group having a carbon number of at least 6 and no greater than 14.