Electrophotographic member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

An electrophotographic member comprising an electro-conductive mandrel and an electro-conductive layer, the electro-conductive layer comprising:

• at least one anion selected from the group consisting of a fluorinated sulfonate anion, a fluorinated carboxylate anion, a fluorinated sulfonylimide anion, a fluorinated sulfonylmethide anion, a dicyanamide anion, a fluorinated alkylfluoroborate anion, a fluorinated phosphate anion, a fluorinated antimonate anion, a fluorinated arsenate anion, and bis(oxalato)borate anion;
• and
• a resin having at least one cationic structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (1) to (3) and (16) to (18)
• where X1 to X3 independently represent a structure comprising a portion bonding to a resin through a bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond and a urethane bond;
• and R1 is selected from the group consisting of (a) to (c)
• (a) a hydrogen atom;
• (b) a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms;
• and
• (c) a structure comprising a portion bonding to a resin through a bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond and a urethane bond;
• where R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of (a) to (c);
• X4 represents a structure comprising a portion bonding to a resin through a bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond and a urethane bond;
• and Y1 is one of formulae (14) and (15)
• where A1 and A2 independently represent a hydrocarbon group or an alkylene ether group;
• and X17 to X20 independently represent a structure comprising a portion bonding to a resin through a bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond and a urethane bond;
• where Y2 and Y3 independently represent formulae (14) or (15);
• and R4 and R5 independently represent (a) to (c);
• where X15 and X16 independently represent a structure comprising a portion bonding to a resin through a bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond and a urethane bond;
• and R28 to R30 independently represent one of (a) to (c), provided that at least one of R28 to R30 is (c)
• (a) a hydrogen atom;
• (b) a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms;
• and
• (c) a structure comprising a portion bonding to a resin through a bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond and a urethane bond;
• where Y10 is formulae (14) or (15);
• Z3, Z4 and Z5 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms;
• and R31 represents a structure comprising a portion bonding to a resin through a bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond, and a urethane bond, or is formulae (14) or (15);
• and
• where Y11 is formulae (14) or (15);
• R32 is one of (a) to (c), or is formulae (14) or (15);
• and R33 to R35 independently represent one of (a) to (c), provided that at least one of R33 to R35 is (c).