Method and system for detecting geological structure of an extraterrestrial solid planet by using a single-transmitter and multiple-receiver radar

An ultra-wideband carrier-free pulse radar system for detecting geological structures of an extraterrestrial solid planet, including a radar system controller, a first detection channel module, a second detection channel module and a data processing system, wherein:

• the radar system controller is configured to control operations of the first detection channel module and the second detection channel module;
• the first detection channel module is configured to operate in a first detection channel CH1;
• the first detection channel module is a single-transmitter and multiple-receiver system including one transmitting antenna and a plurality of receiving antennas;
• and
• the second detection channel module is configured to operate in a second detection channel CH2;
• the second detection channel module is a single-transmitter and multiple-receiver system including one transmitting antenna and a plurality of receiving antennas;
• and
• wherein the data processing system is configured to
• control the transmitting antenna in the first detection channel module or the second detection channel module to emit an electromagnetic pulse signal to underground of the extraterrestrial solid planet;
• control n receiving antennas of the plurality of receiving antennas in the first detection channel module or the second detection channel module to receive an echo signal that reflected from a first geological interface, the first geological interface is an interface between the first geological layer and a second geological layer of the extraterrestrial solid planet, wherein n≥2;
• establish a pair of equations consisting of a first equation and a second equation according to the echo signal received by a receiving antenna Rj of the n receiving antennas, wherein the first equation is associated with a propagation time and a transmission speed of the electromagnetic pulse signal and a thickness of the first geological layer, and the second equation is associated with an incident angle and a refraction angle of the electromagnetic pulse signal at an interface between atmosphere or vacuum and the first geological layer, and a transmission speed of the electromagnetic pulse signal in the interface between atmosphere or vacuum and the first geological layer;
• and establishing n pairs of equations for the respective data received by n receiving antennas;
• for two of the n pairs of equations, constitute a system of four equations, from which a transmission speed v1 of the electromagnetic pulse signal in the first geological layer and a thickness D1 of the first geological layer are calculated;
• and
• calculate a dielectric constant ε1 of the first geological layer by using the transmission speed v1 of the electromagnetic pulse signal in the first geological layer;
• wherein the first detection channel CH1 has a transmission band covering HF/VHF/UHF bands and a receiving band only covering HF/VHF bands;
• and the second detection channel CH2 has a transmission band only covering a UHF band and a receiving band only covering a UHF band.