Modular variable-head hydroelectric energy conversion system

A system, comprising:

• a first dam module having a first side configured to be secured to a foundation of a dam site, the first dam module configured to redirect a first flow of water from a first surface of the first dam module;
• a second dam module configured to be secured to a second side of the first dam module opposite the foundation, the second dam module configured to redirect a second flow of water from a second surface of the second dam module;
• a power generation unit;
• a first turbine module having a third side configured to be secured to the foundation;
• and
• a second turbine module configured to be secured to a fourth side of the first turbine module opposite the foundation, the first turbine module and the second turbine module cooperating to contain the power generation unit;
• the power generation unit including a turbine configured to be driven by a third flow of water, the third flow of water at least partially including at least one of the first flow of water or the second flow of water redirected by the respective dam module, and a generator configured to generate electricity responsive to motion of the turbine, the turbine oriented to rotate about a rotational axis perpendicular to the third side of the first turbine module, the first turbine module further comprising a draft tube having a tube inlet oriented to receive water from the turbine and a tube outlet oriented perpendicular to the rotational axis to discharge water from the first turbine module.