Apparatus for forming a polishing article that has a desired zeta potential

A polishing article, comprising:

• a composite polishing pad body, having:
• a first grooved surface, comprising:
• one or more exposed first regions comprising a first polymer material having a first zeta potential;
• and
• one or more exposed second regions comprising a second polymer material having a second zeta potential different than the first zeta potential;
• a second flat surface opposite the first grooved surface;
• and
• a gradient of zeta potential extending from the first grooved surface toward the second flat surface, wherein the gradient of zeta potential comprises the first zeta potential and the second zeta potential.

A polishing article, comprising:

• one or more exposed first regions formed from a first polymer material having a first zeta potential;
• and
• one or more exposed second regions formed from a second polymer material having a second zeta potential,
• wherein the first zeta potential is different from the second zeta potential, and
• wherein the one or more exposed first regions and the one or more exposed second regions are arranged to form a gradient of zeta potential that increases from a top surface of the polishing article to a bottom surface of the polishing article.