Anti-infective functionalized surfaces and methods of making same

A method of preparing a medical device having an anti-infective surface, the method comprising

• covalently bonding a functionalized organophosphonate to a native oxide surface of a metal,
• derivatizing the functionalized organophosponate, and
• covalently bonding a quaternary ammonium anti-infective agent to the organophosphonate,
• wherein the functionalized organophosphonate is an hydroxy, amino or thiol omega-functionalized organophosphonate where the organo group is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic or aromatic alkylene hydrocarbon of from 2 to 40 carbon atoms, and
• comprising derivatizing the hydroxy, amino or thiol with a cross-coupling reagent;
• reacting the derivatized hydroxy, amino or thiol with a diamine or aminoalcohol to bond the organo group of the organophosphonate via a urethane, carbonate, urea, thiocarbonate or thiourea bond and provide a distal amino group;
• and
• quaternizing the distal amino.