Electrochemical device sensor and method of making and using the same

A system comprising:

• an electrochemical device comprising;
• an anode;
• and
• a cathode;
• at least one sensor comprising a plurality of strain sensing components and
• at least one temperature sensing component,
• wherein the plurality of strain sensing components include:
• a first strain sensing component disposed within the cathode;
• and
• a second strain sensing component disposed within the anode;
• wherein
• the plurality of strain sensing components each include an optical fiber comprising at least one grating, wherein
• the optical fiber includes a hollow section and a solid section along its longitudinal midsection;
• wherein the first and second strain sensing components are constructed and arranged to provide measurements of local net strain using their gratings, and
• wherein the at least one temperature sensing component is constructed and arranged to measure temperature;
• and
• a controller operatively connected to the sensor, wherein the controller is constructed and arranged to derive at least one of the temperature, state of charge, or state of power of the electrochemical device from at least one of the measurements provided by the sensor, and wherein
• the first and second strain sensing components are constructed and arranged to allow for disambiguation of a state of charge by the controller from the at least one sensor.

A method comprising:

• providing an electrochemical device comprising an anode and a cathode, at least one sensor comprising a plurality of strain sensing components and
• at least one temperature sensing component,
• wherein the plurality of strain sensing components include:
• a first strain sensing component disposed within the cathode;
• and
• a second strain sensing component disposed within the anode;
• wherein
• the plurality of strain sensing components each include an optical fiber comprising at least one grating,
• wherein the first and second strain sensing components are constructed and arranged to provide measurements of local net strain using their gratings,
• wherein the at least one temperature sensing component is constructed and arranged to measure a temperature of the electrochemical device;
• and
• wherein the at least one sensor is constructed and arranged to provide measurements that derive both state of charge and temperature of the anode and the cathode simultaneously;
• transmitting the measurements of the electrochemical device from the at least one sensor to a controller;
• and
• by the controller, deriving at least one of the temperature and the state of charge of the electrochemical device from the measurements provided by the sensor,
• wherein the optical fiber comprises a first end, a second end, and a longitudinal midsection and wherein the second end comprises an input port and an output port, wherein
• the optical fiber includes a hollow section and a solid section along its longitudinal midsection;
• and
• wherein the first and second strain sensing components are constructed and arranged to allow for disambiguation of a state of charge by the controller through the use of their gratings.