Methods and systems for handover of an emergency call between different wireless networks

An apparatus at a user equipment (UE) for a handoff of an emergency services call, comprising:

• a memory;
• and
• at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
• establish a first call with a WiFi network for a first network operator, wherein the first call is an emergency services call to a public safety answering point (PSAP);
• receive an Emergency Session Transfer Identifier (E-STI) indicating the emergency services call or the handover of the emergency services call from the WiFi network during establishment of the first call, wherein the E-STI comprises a Telephone Number, a Telephone Number (Tel) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), or a Universal Resource Name (URN);
• determine impaired wireless coverage for the WiFi network;
• determine unimpaired wireless coverage for a cellular network, wherein the cellular network is for a second network operator different to the first network operator for the WiFi network;
• and
• establish a second call with the cellular network, wherein the second call is a continuation of the first call to the PSAP established with the WiFi network, wherein the second call is established based on the E-STI.