# US 10,551,277 B2 · Engine performance monitoring using strain sensor attached to drive shaft > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,551,277 B2 - Document ID: US10551277B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/546,566 - Filed: 2016-01-27 - Published: 2017-12-28 - Granted: 2020-02-04 - Earliest claimed: 2015-01-27 - Assignees: Datum Electronics Limited - Applicants: Datum Electronics Limited - Inventors: Malcolm John Habens - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10551277B2 ## CPC - G01M 15/12: by monitoring vibrations - G01H 1/10: of torsional vibrations - G01L 3/108: {involving resistance strain gauges} - G01L 3/242: {by measuring and simultaneously multiplying torque and velocity} - G01M: TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - G01H: MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES - G01L: MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (weighing G01G) ## Abstract Apparatus and method for monitoring operational performance of an engine, the apparatus comprising a sensor (10) for detecting torsional strain of a shaft (21) of an engine, and the apparatus further comprising a data processor arranged to process signals received from the strain sensor, and the data processor further arranged to compare one or more operational characteristics of the measured torsional strain data with idealised operational data so as to provide a measure of operational performance indicator of the engine. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of analysing operational performance of an engine comprising use of at least one strain sensor attached to a drive shaft of the engine, the method comprising: recording dynamic torsional strain data of the drive shaft during operational rotation of the shaft, using the recorded strain data to compare one or more operational characteristics of the engine with pre-determined idealised operational data, deducing from the comparison at least one measure for use in determining an operational performance indicator of the engine, and analysing the recorded dynamic torsional strain data to identify individual peaks thereof, wherein each peak is associated with a respective engine cylinder. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the step of recording dynamic torsional strain data comprises generating a log of variance amplitude of torsional strain over time. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising recording a substantially continuous indication of amplitude of torsional strain over time. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the step of comparison comprises comparing an amplitude of the recorded torsional strain data to an amplitude of the idealised data. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the comparison step comprises identifying a peak of the recorded torsional strain data. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising synchronising the dynamic torsional strain data with an engine cycle. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the comparison step comprises determining a frequency characteristic of at least part of the dynamic torsional strain data, and comparing the same with a frequency characteristic of the idealised operational data. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising analysing the torsional strain data and identifying a characteristic of amplitude of the recorded torsional strain data in relation to time. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising recording dynamic strain data over multiple engine cycles and calculating maximum, minimum and average values of torsional strain of the shaft. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising analysing the dynamic torsional data, and determining one or more predominant frequencies present in the dynamic strain data. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring rotational speed of the shaft. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a measure of power developed by the shaft. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the recorded torsional strain data is compared to idealised torsional strain data. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the method is suitable for monitoring engines operating between 400 rpm and 600 rpm. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein strain data is collected from the shaft at a rate of up to 4000hz. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying if after the comparison step a pre-determined operational threshold metric is reached or exceeded. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising performing at least one of a Fast Fourier Transform, wavelet analysis or frequency analysis of the data. ### Claim 18 An apparatus for monitoring operational performance of an engine, the apparatus comprising: a sensor for detecting torsional strain of a shaft of an engine, a data processor arranged to process signals received from the strain sensor, and further arranged to compare one or more operational characteristics of the detected torsional strain data with idealised operational data so as to provide a measure of operational performance indicator of the engine, and a torsional accelerometer, wherein the torsional accelerometer is arranged to be attached to the shaft to measure an angular vibration of the shaft. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the apparatus is arranged to provide a substantially continuous stream of dynamic torsional strain data to the data processor. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the data processor is arranged to determine data indicative of a variation of measured power developed by the shaft over time. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the data processor is arranged to perform the comparison so as to identify deviation between the idealised data and the detected torsional strain data. ### Claim 22 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the strain sensor comprises a full bridge strain gauge. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the sensor is arranged to be directly attached to the shaft. ### Claim 24 An apparatus for monitoring operational performance of an engine, the apparatus comprising: a sensor for detecting torsional strain of a shaft of an engine, and a data processor arranged to process signals received from the strain sensor, wherein the data processor is arranged to compare one or more operational characteristics of the detected torsional strain data with idealised operational data so as to provide a measure of an operational performance indicator of the engine, and wherein the data processor is further arranged to analyse the detected torsional strain data to identify individual peaks thereof, wherein each peak is associated with a respective engine cylinder.