Pellicle for photomask, reticle including the same, and exposure apparatus for lithography

Abstract

A pellicle for a photomask, a reticle including the same, and an exposure apparatus for lithography are provided. The pellicle may include a pellicle membrane, and the pellicle membrane may include nanocrystalline graphene. The nanocrystalline graphene may have defects. The nanocrystalline graphene may include a plurality of nanoscale crystal grains, and the nanoscale crystal grains may include a two-dimensional (2D) carbon structure having an aromatic ring structure. The defects of the nanocrystalline graphene may include at least one of an sp3 carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a carbon vacancy.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.