Method and apparatus for identifying a battery model

A battery system, comprising

• a battery;
• at least one sensor configured to detect at least a terminal voltage and a terminal current;
• and
• circuitry configured to
• acquire battery information from the at least one sensor,
• estimate degradation information based on a first principle degradation
• model and the battery information, the first principle degradation model being a three dimensional model and including a plurality of layers having one or more attributes representative of physical parameters of the battery,
• identify a circuit model representative of the battery based on the degradation information and the battery information,
• determine a state of the battery using the identified circuit model, and
• implement a control action or a notification based on the determined state of the battery.

An apparatus for determining a state of a battery, the apparatus comprising:

• at least one sensor configured to acquire battery information from a battery, the battery information including at least a terminal voltage and a terminal current;
• and
• processing circuitry configured to
• estimate degradation information based on a first principle degradation model and the battery information, the first principle degradation model being a three dimensional model and including a plurality of layers having one or more attributes representative of physical parameters of the battery,
• identify a circuit model representative of the battery based on the degradation information and the battery information,
• determine a state of the battery using the identified circuit model, and
• implement a control action or a notification based on the determined state of the battery.