Method and apparatus of ultrafast particle dynamics measurement based on photon ensemble correlation spectroscopy

An apparatus of ultrafast particle dynamics measurement based on photon ensemble correlation spectroscopy, comprising:

• a particle sample dispersing device, for dispersing a particle sample to be detected into a space;
• an optical illuminating and detecting device, for establishing a plurality of sampling volumes, and collecting dynamic scattered light signals in parallel with a low coherence interference method, wherein the low coherence interference further comprises time domain low coherence interferometry that changes an optical path of a reference arm by scanning;
• spectral domain low coherence interferometry for recording spectral interference signals using a spectrometer;
• and swept-source low coherence interferometry for recording the spectral interference signals by using a broadband low-coherence light as a light source;
• and
• at least one processor, for analyzing scattered signals detected;
• wherein:
• the optical illuminating and detecting device comprises elements selected from a group consisting of:
• an illuminating device using a plurality of light beams to illuminating different lateral space positions perpendicular to an optical axis direction, and a multi-detector device, for establishing the sampling volumes in a space dimension;
• an illuminating device using the light beams to illuminating a same space position or different space positions with different incidence angles, and the multi-detector, for establishing the sampling volumes in an angular dimension;
• a single-beam illuminating device formed by a plurality of sub-beams, wherein the sub-beams have different optical path delays and illuminate the same space position or the different space positions with the different incidence angles, so as to establish the sampling volumes in the angular dimension and detect the sampling volumes in parallel with optical path coding;
• and
• a multi-beam illuminating device with different spectrums, wherein different light beams illuminates the same space position or the different space positions;
• which is specifically formed by using a plurality of light sources of the different spectrums for illuminating, or segmenting a single spectrum after using a wide-spectrum light source for illuminating, or both, for establishing the sampling volumes in a spectral dimension;
• wherein analyzing the scattered signals detected by the processor further comprises constructing the sampling volumes by segmenting a spectrum, an optical path or a transverse scanning modulation spectrum during analyzing the scattered signals detected;
• wherein during establishing the sampling volumes and collecting the dynamic scattered light signals in parallel, the sampling volumes are distributed in multiple dimensions that include a spatial dimension, a spectral dimension, an angular dimension, a polarization dimension, and a temporal dimension when being supported by a particle detection speed;
• wherein the temporal dimension comprises a depth space along an optical axis direction, and a lateral space perpendicular to the optical axis direction;
• wherein the spectral dimension is formed by a plurality of detecting light beams of different spectrums in one space region or different space regions;
• the spectral dimension is specifically formed by a plurality of light sources with different spectrums for illuminating, or segmenting a single spectrum after using a wide-spectrum light source for illuminating, or both;
• wherein the angular dimension is formed by a plurality of detecting light beams incident on a same space region or different space regions from different angles, and then using optical path encoding to segment, or segmenting a transverse modulation spectrum, or detecting with multiple detectors;
• wherein for further establishing the sampling volumes in the temporal dimension, a sample ensemble with more samples is formed at any one of current time points by combining samples in the sampling volumes of subsequent time points and the current time points;
• wherein during establishing the sampling volumes and collecting the dynamic scattered light signals in parallel, the dynamic scattered light signals are amplitude signals, or complex signals comprising both amplitude information and phase information.