Hydrophilic, light active coating for membranes

A method of fabricating a hydrophilic, light active membrane, comprising;

• providing a membrane comprising a base material;
• loading the membrane into a chamber;
• coating the base material with an inorganic material coating comprising using a deposition method selected from the group consisting of atomic layer deposition (ALD) process or sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) process, with the at least one of the ALD process or SIS process including a supercycle of:
• deposition of undoped TiO2 layer by a one or more undoped deposition cycle of:
• exposing the membrane to a first titanium precursor for a first predetermined time and a first partial pressure, the first titanium precursor depositing on or infiltrating at least a portion of the base material and binding with the base material,
• purging the chamber using a first inert gas and for a first purge time,
• exposing the membrane to a second co-reactant precursor for a second predetermined time and a second partial pressure, the second co-reactant precursor reacting with the bound first titanium precursor, thereby forming the undoped TiO2 on the base material, the inorganic material growing on or infiltrating at least the portion of the base material, and
• purging the chamber using a second inert gas and for a second purge time;
• deposition of doped TiO2 layer by a one or more doped deposition cycle of:
• exposing the membrane to a second titanium precursor for a third predetermined time and a third partial pressure, the second titanium precursor depositing on or infiltrating at least a portion of the base material and binding with the base material,
• purging the chamber using a third inert gas and for a third purge time,
• exposing the membrane to a NH4OH for a fourth predetermined time and a fourth partial pressure, the NH4OH reacting with the second titanium precursor, thereby forming the doped TiO2, and
• purging the chamber using a fourth inert gas and for a fourth purge time wherein the supercycle is repeated forming the inorganic coating having alternating layers of undoped TiO2 and doped TiO2.