Dynamic focusing confocal optical scanning system

An optical scanning system adapted to scan a sample on a chip, the optical scanning system comprising:

• at least one optical scanning head, wherein each of the at least one optical scanning head comprises a focusing light source, a first optical guiding structure and a control unit coupled to the first optical guiding structure, wherein the focusing light source is adapted to emit a focusing light, the first optical guiding structure is disposed on a transmission path of the focusing light, and configured to guide the focusing light to travel to the sample;
• at least one scanning light source, adapted to emit at least one scanning light, wherein the first optical guiding structure is configured to guide the at least one scanning light to the sample to generate a secondary light, wherein the control unit is configured to control the first optical guiding structure to keep the focusing light and the at least one scanning light focusing on a surface of the chip;
• a light receiving device, disposed on a transmission path of the secondary light to receive the secondary light and generate a scanning electronic signal, wherein the light receiving device comprises a photon multiplex tube;
• a processor, electrically coupled to the light receiving device to dispose the scanning electronic signal;
• and
• a glass holder, disposed on the transmission path of the focusing light and above or under the at least one optical scanning head, wherein the glass holder has a cavity portion, and the glass holder is configured to carry the chip, wherein a depth of the cavity portion is in a range of 3 micrometers to 15 micrometers, wherein a position of the sample on the chip is corresponding to a position of the cavity portion, and the surface of the chip is facing the cavity portion,
• wherein the first optical guiding structure comprises an objective lens, the focusing light and the at least one scanning light pass through the objective lens, and the focusing light and the at least one scanning light focus on an identical focal point, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust a distance between the objective lens and the sample so as to keep the focal point located on the surface of the chip,
• wherein the first optical guiding structure is configured to guide the focusing light to focus on a top surface of the glass holder and pass through the cavity portion, and guide the focusing light to focus from the glass holder to the surface of the chip, and the first optical guiding structure is configured to guide the at least one scanning light to scan from the top surface of the glass holder to the surface of the chip, wherein the secondary light passes through the cavity portion and the glass holder along the transmission path of the secondary light, and is received by the light receiving device.