Rock breaking seismic source and active source three-dimensional seismic combined advanced detection system using tunnel boring machine

A rock breaking seismic source and active source three-dimensional seismic combined advanced detection system using a tunnel boring machine, comprising an excitation system, reception sensors and supporting devices thereof, a rock breaking seismic source sensor array, boring machine working noise sensors, a control system and a multi-channel seismic wave data acquisition instrument, wherein

• the excitation system comprises working face seismic sources and a side wall seismic source, the working face seismic sources are arranged on a working face of a boring machine cutter head, the side wall seismic source is arranged on a boring machine main shaft, the cutter head is fixed on the boring machine main shaft, and three groups of reception sensors and supporting devices thereof distributed annularly taking the main shaft as a center are arranged at a middle section of the boring machine main shaft, correspond to a vault and left and right haunches of tunnel walls of a tunnel respectively and are used for receiving seismic signals reflected after rock breaking vibration of the cutter head encounters a geological anomalous body when being propagated in a stratum;
• the rock breaking seismic source sensor array is installed in the boring machine cutter head, rock breaking seismic source sensors are installed in the cutter head according to a distribution condition of hobs on the cutter head, and a plurality of rock breaking seismic source sensors constitute the rock breaking seismic source sensor array;
• the boring machine working noise sensors are installed at boring machine noise sources, and are used for recording noise signals generated by the noise sources;
• the control system controls a vibration condition and motion of the excitation system;
• the multi-channel seismic wave data acquisition instrument is connected with the rock breaking seismic source sensor array, three-component detectors of the three groups of reception sensors, and the boring machine working noise sensors, and is used for storing and processing seismic wave information recorded by the three-component detectors;
• the excitation system is divided into the working face seismic sources and the side wall seismic source disposed at different positions;
• each working face seismic source comprises a controllable seismic source, a seismic source pressure sensor, a seismic source hydraulic telescopic rod and a seismic source access hatch;
• and the side wall seismic source comprises a controllable seismic source, a seismic source pressure sensor, a seismic source hydraulic telescopic rod and a seismic source guide rail;
• a plurality of the working face seismic sources are arranged on the boring machine cutter head symmetrically with respect to each other, positions of the working face seismic sources are based on the distribution condition of hobs on the cutter head, a plurality of working face seismic source accesses are disposed at positions of the cutter head corresponding to the positions of the working face seismic sources, and each seismic source access hatch moves along clamping grooves under the control of the control system to open and close the seismic source accesses and realize entry and exit of the working face seismic sources to and from the working face of the cutter head;
• the side wall seismic source is positioned on the seismic source guide rail, the seismic source guide rail comprises a circular slip ring guide rail and a rail along the boring machine main shaft, and the controllable seismic source of the side wall seismic source freely slides on the seismic source guide rail in the front-back direction of the main shaft and simultaneously can freely rotate 360° around the main shaft, thereby realizing three-dimensional adjustable arrangement of the side wall seismic source;
• the controllable seismic source and the seismic source pressure sensor of the side wall seismic source are installed on the seismic source hydraulic telescopic rod, and the controllable seismic source, the seismic source pressure sensor and the seismic source hydraulic telescopic rod are respectively connected with the control system via connecting lines, wherein the seismic source hydraulic telescopic rod is hollow in design;
• the three groups of reception sensors and supporting devices each specifically comprises one of the three-component detectors, a detector pressure sensor, a front hydraulic supporting rod, a rear hydraulic supporting rod, radial hydraulic supporting rods, a supporting plate and a supporting device guide rail respectively, wherein one end of the front hydraulic supporting rod is connected with the boring machine main shaft while the other end is connected with one end of the supporting plate, the other end of the supporting plate is connected with one end of the rear hydraulic supporting rod, and the other end of the rear hydraulic supporting rod is connected to the boring machine main shaft;
• the supporting device guide rail is annularly nested onto the boring machine main shaft, one end of each of the radial hydraulic supporting rods is installed on the supporting device guide rail, the other ends of the radial hydraulic supporting rods are connected with a surface of the supporting plate, and the three-component detector and the detector pressure sensor are installed on the supporting plate.