Composition and method for forming electroactive polymer solution or coating comprising conjugated heteroaromatic polymer, electroactive polymer solution, objects comprising the electroactive coating, and solid electrolytic capacitor and method for fabricating the same

A composition for forming an electroactive coating, comprising:

• at least one compound of formula (2) as a monomer,
• wherein
• X is the same or different at each occurrence, and is independently selected from the group consisting of S, O, Se, Te, PR2 and NR2, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkanoyl, and aryloy groups;
• Y is hydrogen (H), or a precursor of a good leaving group Y− whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pKa of less than 45;
• Z is hydrogen (H), silyl, or a precursor of a good leaving group Z− whose conjugate acid (HZ) has a pKa of less than 45;
• Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted, mono- or poly-nuclear, aryl or heteroaryl ring;
• m, o and p are each independently an integer equal to or greater than 0, with a proviso that m+p≥1;
• each k is independently 0, 1 or 2;
• each R5 is a substituent, wherein any two R5 on the same ring or on two neighboring rings, or R5 and a substituent group on a neighboring Ar ring, may join together to form another ring, and
• wherein the at least one compound of formula (2) comprises at least one compound of formula (2) with Z═H and Y≠H;
• an acid as a polymerization catalyst selected from the group consisting of a protic acid, a polymeric acid, and a non-transitional Lewis acid;
• at least one functional component selected from the group consisting of a solvent, a polymerization retardant, a polymer binder or a precursor of polymer binder, a dopant, a latent dopant, a dielectric layer protection agent, a dielectric layer repair agent, a plasticizer, an impact modifier, a reinforcing filler, a blowing agent, a crosslinking agent, an ultraviolet stabilizer, a flame retardant, a photoresist, a thickening agent, a defoaming agent, an emulsifier, a surfactant, and a dispersion stabilizer,
• wherein the at least one functional component contains at least the polymerization retardant and the polymer binder or the precursor of polymer binder, and the polymerization retardant comprises at least one Lewis base having a stronger basicity than the monomer.