Ablation techniques for the treatment of atrial fibrillation

A device suitable for insertion into the pulmonary vein for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, the device comprising:

• at least one apertured lumen having distal and proximal ends;
• an inflatable balloon in the vicinity of the distal end of the lumen;
• an optical fiber at least partially within the at least one lumen and disposed along the axis of the lumen, the optical fiber being suitable for conveying a beam of laser energy;
• at least one opening in the vicinity of the distal end and within the inflatable balloon;
• an optical device in the lumen in the vicinity of the distal end and within the balloon to deflect a laser beam introduced in the vicinity of the proximal end and exiting in the vicinity of the distal end of the lumen at angles other than along the lumen axis, the lumen being rotatable around the lumen axis while the inflatable balloon remains stationary;
• at least one electrode formed on the balloon, wherein the at least one electrode is suitable, upon activation, for one or both of measurement and treatment of the pulmonary vein wall;
• an electromagnetically actuated manipulator that is controllable to rotate the lumen around the lumen axis;
• wherein, when the inflatable balloon is inflated, the at least one electrode comes into contact with the pulmonary vein wall and is operable for one or more of measurement and treatment;
• a controller being operatively connected to:
• (1) activate the at least one electrode, (2) to a source of laser energy, the source of laser energy being operable to cause laser energy to be conveyed along the lumen axis of the optical fiber to the optical device, the optical device deflecting the laser beam to impinge on the pulmonary vein wall, (3) the manipulator to rotate the lumen around the lumen axis;
• wherein the deflected laser energy impinges on the pulmonary vein wall through the inflated balloon;
• wherein the controller is operable to:
• control the source of laser energy to cause laser energy to impinge on the pulmonary vein wall;
• control the manipulator to rotate the lumen around the lumen axis while the laser energy impinges on the pulmonary vein wall;
• and,
• operate the at least one electrode for one of measurement before or after the laser energy has impinged on the pulmonary vein wall.