An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer having a single-layer structure, wherein
- the photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a polycarbonate resin, and a hole transport material,
- a charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer is at least +6.5 μC/g,
- in the measurement of the charge of the calcium carbonate,
- (i) two of the photosensitive layers are prepared, one of the two photosensitive layers being a first photosensitive layer, another of the two photosensitive layers being a second photosensitive layer, the first and second photosensitive layers each having a circular shape of a diameter of 3 cm,
- (ii) 0.007 g of the calcium carbonate is applied over the first photosensitive layer to obtain a calcium carbonate layer formed from the calcium carbonate, and the second photosensitive layer is overlaid onto the calcium carbonate layer,
- (iii) the first photosensitive layer is rotated at a rotational speed of 60 rpm for 60 seconds while the second photosensitive layer is kept stationary in an environment at a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 50% to charge the calcium carbonate contained in the calcium carbonate layer through friction between the calcium carbonate and each of the first photosensitive layer and the second photosensitive layer, and
- (iv) the charged calcium carbonate is sucked using a charge measuring device, and a total electric charge Q and a mass M of the sucked calcium carbonate are measured using the charge measuring device to calculate the charge of the calcium carbonate according to an expression Q/M,
- a Vickers hardness of the photosensitive layer at 45° C. is at least 17.0 HV, and
- the electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by general formula (4), and the hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (20), or
- the electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by general formula (1), and the hole transport material includes a compound represented by chemical formula (25-H6), or
- the electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by general formula (2), and the hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (27),
- where in general formula (4), R41 and R42 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 8 and having at least 1 halogen atom or an aralkyl group having a carbon number of at least 7 and no greater than 20 and having at least 1 halogen atom, and b1 and b2 each represent 0,
- in general formula (20), R201, R202, R203, and R204 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6, and d1, d2, d3, and d4 each represent, independently of one another, an integer of at least 0 and no greater than 5,
- in general formula (1), R1 represents an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 8 and having at least 1 halogen atom,
- in general formula (2), R21 and R22 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 4, and R23 represents a halogen atom, and
- in general formula (27), R271, R272, and R273 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6, h1, h2, and h3 each represent, independently of one another, an integer of at least 0 and no greater than 5, and R274, R275, and R276 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or an aryl group having a carbon number of at least 6 and no greater than 14.