# US 10,504,458 B1 · Electrowetting element with multiple electrodes > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,504,458 B1 - Document ID: US10504458B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 15/617,933 - Filed: 2017-06-08 - Granted: 2019-12-10 - Earliest claimed: 2017-06-08 - Assignees: Amazon Technologies, Inc. - Applicants: Amazon Technologies, Inc. - Inventors: Robert Andrew Hayes; Gor Manukyan; Melanie Maria Hubertina Wagemans; Daniel Figura; Bokke Johannes Feenstra; Toru Sakai - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10504458B1 ## CPC - G02B 5/201: {in the form of arrays} - G09G 3/348: {based on the deformation of a fluid drop, e.g. electrowetting} - G02B 26/005: {based on electrowetting} - G09G 3/2007: {Display of intermediate tones} - G02B 2207/115: Electrowetting - G09G 2320/066: for control of contrast - G09G 2330/02: Details of power systems and of start or stop of display operation - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS - G09G: ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION (arrangements for transferring data between digital computers and displays G06F3/14; static indicating arrangements comprising an association of a number of separate sources or light control cells G09F9/00; static indicating arrangements comprising integral associations of a number of light sources H01J, H01K, H10H, H05B33/12; scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission, details thereof H04N1/00) ## Abstract An electrowetting display device comprising an electrowetting element comprising a control system, a first fluid, a second fluid immiscible with the first fluid, and a first and second support plate. A first and second electrode are, respectively, overlapped by a first and second portion of a surface of the first support plate. The control system is operable to, in response to input data indicative of a grey level and with the first fluid in a retracted configuration and at least partly in contact with the first portion, apply a first voltage between the second fluid and the first electrode to translate the first fluid from the retracted configuration to contact the second portion over a first area, and apply a second voltage between the second fluid and the second electrode to retract the first fluid to contact the second portion over a second area smaller than the first area. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An electrowetting display device comprising: an electrowetting element comprising: a first fluid; a second fluid immiscible with the first fluid; a first support plate having a surface, the first support plate comprising: at least one wall corresponding to a perimeter of the surface; a first electrode overlapped by a first portion of the surface; and a second electrode overlapped by a second portion of the surface, with the first portion and the second portion non-overlapping each other; and a second support plate, the first fluid and the second fluid located between the first support plate and the second support plate; and a control system operable to, in response to input data indicative of a grey level, and with the first fluid in a retracted configuration and at least partly in contact with the first portion but not substantially in contact with the second portion: apply a first voltage between the second fluid and the first electrode to translate the first fluid from the retracted configuration to contact the second portion over a first area so that the first fluid is not substantially in contact with the first portion; and apply a second voltage between the second fluid and the second electrode to retract the first fluid to contact the second portion over a second area, the second area smaller than the first area. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The electrowetting display device according to claim 1, wherein the first voltage has a first magnitude, and the control system is operable to, with the first voltage applied, apply a third voltage between the second fluid and the second electrode with a third magnitude smaller than the first magnitude. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The electrowetting display device according to claim 1, wherein the second voltage has a second magnitude, and the control system is operable to, with the second voltage applied, apply a fourth voltage between the second fluid and the first electrode with a fourth magnitude substantially the same as or larger than the second magnitude. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The electrowetting display device according to claim 1, wherein the control system is operable to: in response to first input data indicative of a first grey level, configure the first fluid in the retracted configuration by application of a fifth voltage between the second fluid and the second electrode. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The electrowetting display device according to claim 4, wherein the second voltage has a second magnitude and the fifth voltage has a fifth magnitude smaller than the second magnitude. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The electrowetting display device according to claim 4, wherein the fifth voltage has a fifth magnitude, and the control system is operable to, with the fifth voltage applied, apply a sixth voltage between the second fluid and the first electrode with a sixth magnitude smaller than the sixth magnitude. ### Claim 7 An electrowetting display device comprising: an electrowetting element comprising: a first fluid; a second fluid immiscible with the first fluid; a first support plate having a surface, the first support plate comprising: at least one wall corresponding to a perimeter of the surface; a first electrode overlapped by a first portion of the surface; and a second electrode overlapped by a second portion of the surface, with the first portion and the second portion non-overlapping each other, the first electrode having substantially the same optical properties as the second electrode; and a second support plate, the first fluid and the second fluid located between the first support plate and the second support plate; and a control system operable to: receive first input data indicative of a first grey level; in response to the first input data: apply a first voltage having a first magnitude between the second fluid and the second electrode to configure the first fluid in a retracted configuration with the first fluid at least partly in contact with the first portion but not substantially in contact with the second portion; receive second input data indicative of a second grey level; in response to the second input data: apply a second voltage having a second magnitude between the second fluid and the first electrode to translate the first fluid from contact with the first portion to contact the second portion; receive third input data indicative of a third grey level different from the first grey level; and in response to the third input data: apply a third voltage between the second fluid and the second electrode with a third magnitude different from the first magnitude to translate the first fluid from contact with the second portion to contact the first portion. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The electrowetting display device according to claim 7, wherein the first electrode is reflective for light of a first wavelength and the second electrode is reflective for the light of the first wavelength. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The electrowetting display device according to claim 8, wherein: the first electrode comprises a first reflective surface positioned to reflect light of the first wavelength from first incident light incident on the first electrode after transmission through the second support plate; and the second electrode comprises a second reflective surface positioned to reflect light of the first wavelength from second incident light incident on the second electrode after transmission through the second support plate. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The electrowetting display device according to claim 7, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are transmissive to light of substantially all wavelengths in the visible spectrum. ### Claim 11 (depends on 7) The electrowetting display device according to claim 7, wherein the control system is operable to apply the third voltage consecutively after the second voltage. ### Claim 12 (depends on 7) The electrowetting display device according to claim 7, wherein the control system is operable to: receive fourth input data indicative of a fourth grey level darker than at least one of the first grey level or the second grey level; and in response to the fourth input data: apply the first voltage between the second fluid and the second electrode to configure the first fluid in the retracted configuration, the retracted configuration being a first retracted configuration; and, subsequently, remove or reduce a magnitude of the first voltage to expand the first fluid such that the first fluid at least partly contacts the first portion and the second portion. ### Claim 13 A display apparatus comprising: an electrowetting element comprising: a first fluid; a second fluid immiscible with the first fluid; a first support plate comprising: a hydrophobic surface; at least one wall corresponding to a perimeter of the hydrophobic surface; a first electrode overlapped by a first portion of the hydrophobic surface; and a second electrode overlapped by a second portion of the hydrophobic surface, with the first portion and the second portion non-overlapping each other, the first electrode having substantially the same optical properties as the second electrode; and a second support plate, the first fluid and the second fluid located between the first support plate and the second support plate; and at least one processor; and at least one memory comprising computer program instructions, the at least one memory and the computer program instructions operable to, with the at least one processor: receive first input data indicative of a first grey level; in response to the first input data: apply a first voltage having a first magnitude between the second fluid and the second electrode to configure the first fluid in a retracted configuration with the first fluid at least partly in contact with the first portion but not substantially in contact with the second portion; receive second input data indicative of a second grey level; in response to the second input data: apply a second voltage having a second magnitude between the second fluid and the first electrode to translate the first fluid from contact with the first portion to contact the second portion; receive third input data indicative of a third grey level different from the first grey level; and in response to the third input data: apply a third voltage between the second fluid and the second electrode with a third magnitude different from the first magnitude to translate the first fluid from contact with the second portion to contact the first portion. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the first electrode is reflective for light of a first wavelength and the second electrode is reflective for the light of the first wavelength. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein: the first electrode comprises a first reflective surface positioned to reflect light of the first wavelength from first incident light incident on the first electrode after transmission through the second support plate; and the second electrode comprises a second reflective surface positioned to reflect light of the first wavelength from second incident light incident on the second electrode after transmission through the second support plate. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are transmissive to light of substantially all wavelengths in the visible spectrum. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are operable to, with the at least one processor, apply the third voltage consecutively after the second voltage. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are operable to, with the at least one processor: receive fourth input data indicative of a fourth grey level darker than at least one of the first grey level or the second grey level; and in response to the fourth input data: apply the first voltage between the second fluid and the second electrode to configure the first fluid in the retracted configuration, the retracted configuration being a first retracted configuration; and, subsequently, remove or reduce a magnitude of the first voltage to expand the first fluid such that the first fluid at least partly contacts the first portion and the second portion. ### Claim 19 (depends on 7) The electrowetting display device according to claim 7, wherein the control system is operable to: apply the second voltage between the second fluid and the first electrode to configure the first fluid in a second retracted configuration with the first fluid at least partly in contact with the second portion but not substantially in contact with the first portion; and, subsequently, remove or reduce a magnitude of the second voltage to expand the first fluid such that the first fluid at least partly contacts the first portion and the second portion. ### Claim 20 (depends on 13) The display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are operable to, with the at least one processor: apply the second voltage between the second fluid and the first electrode to configure the first fluid in a second retracted configuration with the first fluid at least partly in contact with the second portion but not substantially in contact with the first portion; and, subsequently, remove or reduce a magnitude of the second voltage to expand the first fluid such that the first fluid at least partly contacts the first portion and the second portion.