# US 10,504,093 B1 · Fraud protection based on presence indication > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,504,093 B1 - Document ID: US10504093B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 15/393,685 - Filed: 2016-12-29 - Granted: 2019-12-10 - Earliest claimed: 2014-05-06 - Assignees: Square, Inc. - Applicants: Square, Inc. - Inventors: John Lewis; Stephen Karl Touset - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10504093B1 ## CPC - G06Q 20/327: {Short range or proximity payments by means of M-devices} - G06Q 20/02: involving a neutral party, e.g. certification authority, notary or trusted third party [TTP] - G06Q 20/20: Point-of-sale [POS] network systems - G06Q 20/204: {comprising interface for record bearing medium or carrier for electronic funds transfer or payment credit} - G06Q 20/321: {using wearable devices} - G06Q 20/34: using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards - G06Q 20/4016: {involving fraud or risk level assessment in transaction processing} - G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR ## Abstract Introduced here is a technology that enables fraud detection and protection in financial transactions using a communication signal identification mechanism. The technology eliminates the uncertainties as to the authenticity of a payment card and/or a customer involved in a transaction. In at least some embodiments, methods and systems are disclosed for facilitating communication with one or more personal computing devices physically present at a merchant's POS device to establish customer presence and/or card presence. The personal computing devices can include a smartphone, a wearable electronic device, or any electronic device capable of communication with other devices. The personal computing devices can also include a payment card in the form of a smartcard with embedded BLE or any other smart chip (e.g., GPS, Wi-Fi, 4G, etc.). In some embodiments, methods and systems are disclosed for applying context-based restrictions on the payment card to assist in protection against fraud. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: receiving, by a payment service system, from a merchant computing device of a merchant, an indication of an initiation of a financial transaction between the merchant and a customer, the indication including transaction information associated with the financial transaction, the financial transaction initiated on the merchant computing device by a use of a payment card of the customer at the merchant computing device; receiving, by the payment service system, from the merchant computing device, a set of signals broadcast from a personal computing device associated with the customer of the financial transaction and received by the merchant computing device; retrieving, by the payment service system, from a database associated with the payment service system, a previous set of signals broadcast from the personal computing device associated with the customer; determining, by the payment service system, a previous set of parameters associated with the previous set of signals; determining, by the payment service system, a set of parameters associated with the received set of signals; determining, by the payment service system, a presence indication based on comparing the set of parameters associated with the received set of signals to the previous set of parameters associated with the previous set of signals, the presence indication indicative of the customer being physically present at or near a geographical location of the merchant computing device; and performing, by the payment service system, an action for processing the financial transaction based on the presence indication, the action comprising at least one of: transmitting a fraud notification to a mobile device of the customer, or transmitting a fraud notification to the merchant computing device. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the set of parameters comprises at least one of: a number of signals, a signal strength, a type of signal, or a source of signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein each parameter of the set of parameters has an associated weight utilized in determining the presence indication. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the type of signal comprises at least one of: a signal received via Bluetooth Low Energy protocol; a signal received via WiFi protocol; a signal received via GPRS protocol; a signal received via 4G protocol; or a signal received via LTE protocol. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the source of signal comprises at least one of: a smartphone; a computing tablet; a laptop; a wearable electronic device; or an electronic payment card. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein the electronic payment card comprises one of: a contact smart card; a contactless smart card; or a hybrid smart card. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein receiving, by the payment service system, the set of signals comprises: receiving, by the payment service system, the set of signals detected in proximity to the merchant computing device by a payment application running on the merchant computing device. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the personal computing device comprises one or more of: a smartphone; a computing tablet; a laptop; a wearable electronic device; or an electronic payment card. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the presence indication is increased by a factor in response to a comparison that the previous set of parameters matches with the set of parameters. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, by the payment service system, whether the presence indication satisfies a predetermined threshold; and responsive to a determination that the presence indication does not satisfy the predetermined threshold: transmitting, by the payment service system, the fraud notification to the mobile device of the customer, the fraud notification configured to request a transaction approval from the customer; and responsive to receiving the transaction approval from the customer via the mobile device, performing, by the payment service system, an additional action for processing of the financial transaction. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, by the payment service system, whether the presence indication satisfies a predetermined threshold; and responsive to a determination that the presence indication does not satisfy the predetermined threshold, transmitting, by the payment service system, the fraud notification to the merchant computing device. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining whether the presence indication satisfies a predetermined threshold; and responsive to a determination that the presence indication does not satisfy the predetermined threshold: transmitting, by the payment service system, the fraud notification to the merchant computing device, the fraud notification configured to request a transaction approval from the merchant; and causing, by the payment service system, a processing of the financial transaction to be performed in response to receiving the transaction approval from the merchant. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining whether the presence indication satisfies a predetermined threshold; and responsive to a determination that the presence indication does not satisfy the predetermined threshold: generating, by the payment service system, the fraud indication for the financial transaction; and storing, by the payment service system, the fraud indication for the financial transaction in a transaction history record. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: requesting and receiving, by the payment service system and through a payment application running on a mobile device of the customer, global positioning system (GPS) coordinates associated with the mobile device; determining, by the payment service system, a geographical location of the mobile device based on the GPS coordinates; and determining, by the payment service system, the presence indication further based on whether the geographical location of the mobile device is at or near a transaction location of the payment transaction, wherein the transaction location is based on the transaction information received from the merchant computing device. ### Claim 15 A computer-readable storage medium storing computer executable instructions, comprising: instructions for receiving an indication of an initiation of a financial transaction between a merchant and a customer, the indication including transaction information associated with the financial transaction, the financial transaction initiated on a merchant computing device of the merchant by a use of a payment card of the customer at the merchant computing device; instructions for receiving, from the merchant computing device, a set of signals broadcast from a personal computing device associated with the customer of the financial transaction and received by the merchant computing device; instructions for retrieving, from a database, a previous set of signals broadcast from the personal computing device associated with the customer; instructions for determining a previous set of parameters associated with the previous set of signals; instructions for determining a set of parameters associated with the received set of signals; instructions for determining a presence indication based on comparing the set of parameters associated with the received set of signals to the previous set of parameters associated with the previous set of signals, the presence indication indicative of the customer being physically present at or near a geographical location of the merchant computing device; and instructions for performing an action for processing the financial transaction based on the presence indication, the action comprising at least one of: transmitting a fraud notification to a mobile device of the customer, or transmitting a fraud notification to the merchant computing device. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions for performing the action further comprise instructions for: determining whether the presence indication satisfies a predetermined threshold; and responsive to a determination that the presence indication does not satisfy the predetermined threshold, transmitting the fraud notification to the merchant computing device. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions for performing the action further comprise instructions for denying the financial transaction based on the presence indication determined. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions for performing the action further comprise instructions for generating a rate for processing the financial transaction, the rate being generated dynamically based on the presence indication. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions for performing the action further comprise instructions for generating a promotion associated with the financial transaction, the promotion generated dynamically based on the presence indication. ### Claim 20 (depends on 15) The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions for performing the action further comprise instructions for generating a receipt with customized content, the customized content being generated dynamically based on the presence indication. ### Claim 21 A system comprising: one or more processors; one or more computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, program the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a merchant computing device of a merchant, an indication of an initiation of a financial transaction between the merchant and a customer, the indication including transaction information associated with the financial transaction, the financial transaction initiated on the merchant computing device by a use of a payment card of the customer at the merchant computing device; receiving, from the merchant computing device, a set of signals emitted by a personal computing device associated with the customer of the financial transaction and received by the merchant computing device; retrieving, from a database associated with the payment service system, a previous set of signals broadcast from the personal computing device associated with the customer; determining a previous set of parameters associated with the previous set of signals; determining a set of parameters associated with the received set of signals; determining a presence indication based on comparing the set of parameters associated with the received set of signals to the previous set of parameters associated with the previous set of signals, the presence indication indicative of the customer being physically present at or near a geographical location of the merchant computing device; and performing an action for processing the financial transaction based on the presence indication, the action comprising at least one of: transmitting a fraud notification to a mobile device of the customer, or transmitting a fraud notification to the merchant computing device. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the set of parameters comprises at least one of: a number of signals, a signal strength, a type of signal, or a source of signal. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The system as recited in claim 22, wherein the source of signal comprises at least one of: a smartphone; a computing tablet; a laptop; a wearable electronic device; or an electronic payment card. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The system as recited in claim 21, the operations further comprising: determining, by the payment service system, whether the presence indication satisfies a predetermined threshold; and responsive to a determination that the presence indication does not satisfy the predetermined threshold, transmitting, by the payment service system, the fraud notification to the merchant computing device.