# US 10,503,948 B2 · Multi-spectral ultrasonic imaging

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- Number: US 10,503,948 B2
- Document ID: US10503948B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/115,058
- Filed: 2015-03-05
- Published: 2016-12-01
- Granted: 2019-12-10
- Earliest claimed: 2014-03-06
- Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated
- Applicants: QUALCOMM Incorporated
- Inventors: Jack Conway Kitchens, II; John Keith Schneider; Ashish Hinger; Ranjith Ranganathan; Nai-Kuei Kuo; Kostadin Dimitrov Djordjev; Stephen Michael Gojevic; David William Burns; Nao Sugawara Chuei; Eliza Yingzi Du; Ming Yu Chen; Kwokleung Chan; Jin Gu; Esra Vural
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10503948B2

## CPC

- G01S 15/8952: {using discrete, multiple frequencies}
- G06F 18/251: {of input or preprocessed data}
- G06V 10/803: {of input or preprocessed data}
- G06V 40/1306: {non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing}
- G06V 40/1347: {Preprocessing; Feature extraction}
- G06V 40/1388: {using image processing}
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- G06V: IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING

## Abstract

Systems and methods for multi-spectral ultrasonic imaging are disclosed. In one embodiment, a finger is scanned at a plurality of ultrasonic scan frequencies. Each scan frequency provides an image information set describing a plurality of pixels of the finger including a signal-strength indicating an amount of energy reflected from a surface of a platen on which a finger is provided. For each of the pixels, the pixel output value corresponding to each of the scan frequencies is combined to produce a combined pixel out put value for each pixel. Systems and methods for improving the data capture of multi-spectral ultrasonic imaging are also disclosed.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of scanning a finger, comprising:
scanning a finger positioned on an imaging surface of an ultrasonic sensor with a plurality of ultrasonic scan frequencies;
generating an ultrasonic image information set from a plurality of pixels of the ultrasonic sensor for each of the scan frequencies, the image information set including a pixel output value from each of the plurality of pixels, each pixel output value indicating an amount of energy reflected from the imaging surface; and
combining the image information sets corresponding to each of the scan frequencies to generate a combined image information set, the combined image information set including combined pixel output values from each of the plurality of pixels, wherein combining the image information sets includes creating a covariance matrix for each of the scan frequencies from the pixel output values in the image information sets, and combining the covariance matrices to provide a combined matrix having a combined value for each pixel output value and interpolating between entries in the covariance matrices.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transforming each pixel output value to a gray-scale value; and
providing the gray-scale values for the plurality of pixels as the combined image information set representing a fingerprint of the finger.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
using the plurality of ultrasonic image information sets to make a liveness determination; and
providing a liveness output signal indicating the liveness determination.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
for each scan frequency, identifying a weighting factor; and
multiplying each entry in the covariance matrices by the corresponding weighting factor prior to combining the covariance matrices.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the weighting factor is calculated using the following equation:
w(fi)=(e(avgi*fi)−e(avgi*fmax))/(e(avgi*fmin)−e(avgi*fmax))
where
w(fi) is the weighting factor for the ith scan frequency;
avgi is the average value of the pixel output values at the ith scan frequency and a next lower scan frequency;
fmin is a lowest scan frequency; and
fmax is a highest scan frequency.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of scan frequencies are selected by:
scanning, without a finger on the imaging surface of the ultrasonic sensor, at a plurality of ultrasonic test frequencies; and
identifying peak test frequencies, wherein a peak test frequency is a test frequency at which an immediately lower test frequency and an immediately higher test frequency return less energy than the peak test frequency.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, further comprising:
selecting peak test frequencies, each selected peak test frequency having a return energy that is higher than a majority of other test frequencies, and using the selected peak test frequencies as the plurality of scan frequencies.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, further comprising:
assessing image quality of the peak test frequencies;
selecting peak test frequencies, each selected peak test frequency having an image quality that is better than other peak test frequencies, and using the selected peak test frequencies as the plurality of scan frequencies.

### Claim 9 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, further comprising:
selecting one of the peak test frequencies, and
using the selected peak test frequency as one of the plurality of scan frequencies.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising identifying additional ones of the plurality of scan frequencies by adding or subtracting a predetermined offset to the selected one of the peak test frequencies.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising identifying additional ones of the plurality of scan frequencies by:
identifying a range that includes the selected one of the peak test frequencies; and
selecting the scan frequencies to be within the identified range.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising identifying additional ones of the plurality of scan frequencies by identifying harmonics of the selected peak test frequency.

### Claim 13 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein generating an ultrasonic information set further comprises generating a vector of liveness for each pixel.