# US 10,503,227 B2 · Apparatus and method to reduce power losses in an integrated voltage regulator > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,503,227 B2 - Document ID: US10503227B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/695,947 - Filed: 2017-09-05 - Published: 2018-04-12 - Granted: 2019-12-10 - Earliest claimed: 2015-08-26 - Assignees: Intel Corporation - Applicants: Intel Corporation - Inventors: Krishna Bharath; Srikrishnan Venkataraman; William J. Lambert; Michael J. Hill; Alexander Slepoy; Dong Zhong; Kaladhar Radhakrishnan; Hector A. Aguirre Diaz; Jonathan P. Douglas - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10503227B2 ## CPC - G06F 1/26: Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof (for memories G11C) - G06F 1/3203: Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode - H02M 1/14: Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output - H02M 3/158: including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load - H02M 3/1584: {with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel} - H10W 44/501: {Inductive arrangements (H10W44/20 takes precedence)} - H02M 1/008: {Plural converter units for generating at two or more independent and non-parallel outputs, e.g. systems with plural point of load switching regulators} - H02M 3/1586: {switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved} - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H10W: GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10 ## Abstract Described is an apparatus which comprises: a first voltage regulator (VR) coupled to first one or more inductors, the first VR is to provide power to a first power domain; and a second VR coupled to second one or more inductors at least one of which is inductively coupled to at least one of the first one or more inductors, the second VR is to provide power to a second power domain separate from the first power domain, wherein there is a non-zero phase angle offset between switching transistors of the first VR relative to the second VR. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus comprising: a first one or more inductors which are associated with a first power domain, wherein the first power domain is to provide a first regulated power supply voltage and/or current for a first load; and a second one or more inductors, wherein at least one of the inductors of the first one or more inductors is inductively coupled to at least one of the inductors of the second one or more inductors, wherein the second one or more inductors are associated with a second power domain separate from the first power domain, and wherein the second power domain is to provide a second regulated power supply voltage and/or current for a second load. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 comprises a first voltage generator coupled to the first one or more inductors. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 comprises a second voltage generator coupled to the second one or more inductors. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first voltage generator has a first clock, wherein the second voltage generator has a second clock, and wherein the first clock has a phase offset from a phase of the second clock. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first voltage generator has a first switching frequency, wherein the second voltage generator has a second switching frequency, and wherein the first switching frequency is different from second switching frequency. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second power domains are independent power domains. ### Claim 7 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first and second one or more inductors are at least one of: air core inductors (ACIs); or magnetic core inductors (MCIs). ### Claim 8 An apparatus comprising: a system on chip (SOC) including a first processor core and a second processor core, wherein the first processor core is associated with a first power supply domain, and wherein the second processor core is associated with a second power supply domain separate from the first power supply domain; a package coupled to the SOC via bumps; a first one or more inductors adjacent to the package, wherein the first one or more inductors are associated with the first power domain; and a second one or more inductors adjacent to the package, wherein the second one or more inductors are associated with the second power domain, wherein at least one of the inductors of the first one or more inductors is inductively coupled to at least one of the inductors of the second one or more inductors, wherein the first power domain is to provide a first regulated power supply voltage and/or current for a first processor core, and wherein the second power domain is to provide a second regulated power supply voltage and/or current for a second processor core. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first and/or second one or more inductors include one of: air core inductors (ACIs); magnetic core inductors (MCIs); non-overlapping inductors; partially over-lapping inductors; or highly over-lapping inductors. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the SOC comprises a first voltage generator coupled to the first one or more inductors. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the SOC comprises a second voltage generator coupled to the second one or more inductors. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first voltage generator has a first clock, wherein the second voltage generator has a second clock, and wherein the first clock has a phase offset from a phase of the second clock. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first voltage generator has a first switching frequency, wherein the second voltage generator has a second switching frequency, and wherein the first switching frequency is different from second switching frequency. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first and second power domains are independent power domains. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first and/or second voltage generators includes one of: a switching buck regulator; a DC-DC converter; a low-drop out regulator; a Zener controlled transistor voltage regulator; or a discrete transistor voltage regulator. ### Claim 16 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the SOC comprises: a first current sensor to sense current of the first power supply domain; a second current sensor to sense current of the second power supply domain; and a controller to calculate powers of the first and second power supply domains, respectively, and total power of the apparatus, wherein the controller is to adjust a non-zero phase angle offset according to the powers of the first and second power supply domains, respectively, and the total power during operation of the apparatus. ### Claim 17 Non-transitory machine-readable storage media having one or more instructions that when executed cause one or more processors to perform an operation comprising: extract first S-parameters for a first power supply domain powered by a first voltage generator coupled to a first one or more inductors; extract second S-parameters for a second power supply domain powered by a second voltage generator coupled to a second one or more inductors, wherein at least one of the first and second one or more inductors are inductively coupled, and wherein the first and second power supply domains are separate; and adjust one or more parameters of the first and/or second voltage generators according to the extracted first and second S-parameters. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 17, having further one or more instructions that when executed cause the one or more processor to perform a further operation comprising: determine combinations of phase angles and switching frequencies associated with the first and second voltage generators that meet ripple current targets for one or more operating conditions. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 18, wherein the one or more parameters include the phase angles and switching frequencies of the first and second voltage generators, respectively, and wherein the machine-readable storage media comprises further one or more instructions that when executed cause the one or more processor to perform a further operation comprising: provide a non-zero phase angle offset, between switchable transistors of the first voltage generator relative to the second voltage generator, according to the determined phase angle and switching frequency combinations. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 19, comprises further one or more instructions that when executed cause the one or more processor to perform a further operation comprising: dynamically or statically offset the phase angle of one or more of the first and/or second power supply domains.