# US 10,502,868 B2 · Phase gradient nanocomposite window fabrication and method of fabricating durable optical windows

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- Number: US 10,502,868 B2
- Document ID: US10502868B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/724,695
- Filed: 2017-10-04
- Published: 2018-04-05
- Granted: 2019-12-10
- Earliest claimed: 2016-10-05
- Assignees: Raytheon Company
- Applicants: Raytheon Company
- Inventors: Catherine Trent; Gary A. Frazier
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10502868B2

## CPC

- G02B 1/11: Anti-reflection coatings
- B29C 41/04: Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould
- B32B 1/00: Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B 5/16: characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder {or granules (layer formed of natural mineral particles B32B19/00; layer being formed of wood fibres, chips or particles B32B21/02)}
- B32B 7/022: Mechanical properties
- B82Y 30/00: Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
- C04B 35/01: based on oxide ceramics
- C04B 35/053: Fine ceramics
- C04B 35/505: based on yttrium oxide
- C04B 35/645: Pressure sintering
- C04B 35/6455: {Hot isostatic pressing}
- C04B 40/0021: {Sonic or ultrasonic waves, e.g. to initiate sonochemical reactions}
- F42B 10/46: Streamlined nose cones; Windshields; Radomes {(F42B12/105 takes precedence)}
- G02B 1/10: Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements (G02B1/08 takes precedence)
- G02B 1/16: having an anti-static effect, e.g. electrically conducting coatings
- G02B 5/0221: {the surface having an irregular structure (G02B5/0226 takes precedence)}
- G02B 5/0294: {adapted to provide an additional optical effect, e.g. anti-reflection or filter}
- H01Q 1/42: Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q 15/0013: {said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective}
- H05K 9/009: {comprising electro-conductive fibres, e.g. metal fibres, carbon fibres, metallised textile fibres, electro-conductive mesh, woven, non-woven mat, fleece, cross-linked}
- B29K 2995/0011: Electromagnetic wave shielding material
- B29K 2995/0026: Transparent
- B29L 2011/00: Optical elements, e.g. lenses, prisms
- B29L 2031/778: {Windows (profiled elements for making window frames B29L2031/005, windscreens B29L2031/3052)}
- B32B 2307/212: Electromagnetic interference shielding
- B32B 2307/412: Transparent
- B32B 2551/00: Optical elements
- C04B 2235/3206: Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B 2235/3225: Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B 2235/60: Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B 2235/75: Products with a concentration gradient
- C04B 2235/9653: Translucent or transparent ceramics other than alumina
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00)
- B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- C04B: LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE {(roofing granules E04D7/005)}; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C03C10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- F42B: EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION (explosive compositions C06B; fuzes F42C; blasting F42D)
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)
- H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- B29K: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR {MOULDS, } REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29L: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES

## Abstract

A unitary radome layer assembly is provided and includes a first nanocomposite formulation and a second nanocomposite formulation. The first and second nanocomposite formulations are provided together in a unitary radome layer with respective distribution gradients.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A unitary radome layer assembly, comprising:
a first nanocomposite formulation; and
a second nanocomposite formulation,
the first and second nanocomposite formulations being provided together in a unitary radome layer with respective distribution gradients defined in terms of distance from an aft-to-forward axis and about a central longitudinal axis which is perpendicular to the aft-to-forward axis.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The unitary radome layer assembly according to claim 1, wherein the unitary radome layer has an ogive shape.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The unitary radome layer assembly according to claim 2, wherein the respective distribution gradients are characterized with an increased distribution of the first nanocomposite formulation remote from a tip of the unitary radome layer with the ogive shape and an increased distribution of the second nanocomposite formulation proximate to the tip of the unitary radome layer with the ogive shape.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The unitary radome layer assembly according to claim 2, wherein:
the first nanocomposite formulation comprises particles of first sizes,
the second nanocomposite formulation comprises particles of second sizes, the second sizes being larger than the first sizes, and
the respective distribution gradients are characterized with an increased distribution of the particles of the first sizes remote from a tip of the unitary radome layer with the ogive shape and an increased distribution of the particles of the second sizes proximate to the tip of the unitary radome layer with the ogive shape.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The unitary radome layer assembly according to claim 1, wherein the unitary radome layer has at least one of an ogive shape, a rounded shape and a flattened shape.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The unitary radome layer assembly according to claim 1, further comprising an electro-magnetic interference (EMI) treatment layer.

### Claim 7

A radome assembly, comprising:
a unitary radome layer having a nose cone shape with an aft portion, a tip and a curvature extending from the aft portion to the tip with an aft facing interior side and a forward facing exterior side,
the unitary radome layer comprising:
a first nanocomposite formulation with a first distribution gradient in the unitary radome layer which is characterized with an increased distribution of the first nanocomposite formulation toward the aft portion and the aft facing interior side of the curvature; and
a second nanocomposite formulation with a second distribution gradient in the unitary radome layer which is characterized with an increased distribution of the second nanocomposite formulation toward the tip and the forward facing exterior side of the curvature.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The radome assembly according to claim 7, wherein the first nanocomposite formulation comprises yttrium oxide and the second nanocomposite formulation comprises magnesium oxide.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The radome assembly according to claim 7, wherein the first nanocomposite formulation comprises particles of a first size and the second nanocomposite formulation comprises particles of a second size larger than the first size.