# US 10,502,677 B2 · Detection of corrosion rates in processing pipes and vessels

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- Number: US 10,502,677 B2
- Document ID: US10502677B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/503,508
- Filed: 2014-10-01
- Published: 2015-04-16
- Granted: 2019-12-10
- Earliest claimed: 2013-10-14
- Assignees: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company
- Applicants: Krishnan Kumaran; Alan Mark Schilowitz; Henry Alan Wolf
- Inventors: Krishnan Kumaran; Alan Mark Schilowitz; Henry Alan Wolf
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10502677B2

## CPC

- G01N 19/00: Investigating materials by mechanical methods (G01N3/00 - G01N17/00 take precedence)
- G01N 17/04: Corrosion probes
- G01N 29/022: {Fluid sensors based on microsensors, e.g. quartz crystal-microbalance [QCM], surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices, tuning forks, cantilevers, flexural plate wave [FPW] devices (microdevices per se B81B)}
- G01N 29/036: by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
- G01N 29/30: Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
- G01N 2291/0258: Structural degradation, e.g. fatigue of composites, ageing of oils
- G01N 2291/0427: Flexural waves, plate waves, e.g. Lamb waves, tuning fork, cantilever
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)

## Abstract

For a monitored corrosion sensor, such as a sensor based on one or more mechanical oscillators disposed in a fluid flow, one or more values are measured over time. The values can be measured at a desired frequency, such as a once per second, once per minute, or another convenient frequency. The measured data can then be analyzed as a time series. The goal of the analysis is to identify variations in the time series data that are sufficiently unexpected relative to the prior behavior of the time series within a given time window. The identified variations can then, for example, be excluded from consideration when determining a corrosion-related value for the sensor.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for determining a corrosion-related value for a sensor in a fluid flow in a corrosive or erosive environment, comprising:
providing at least one mechanical oscillator and locating the at least one mechanical oscillator in the fluid flow, wherein the at least one mechanical oscillator including one of (i) a mechanical oscillator having two regions of differing corrosion resistance, wherein one of the two regions is a reference region that is resistant to corrosion in the fluid flow and another of the two regions is a non-resistant region that is not resistant to corrosion in the fluid flow, or (ii) a first mechanical oscillator having one corrosion resistance that is not resistant to corrosion in the fluid flow and a second reference mechanical oscillator having a different corrosion resistance that is resistant to corrosion in the fluid flow;
exciting the at least one mechanical oscillator disposed in the fluid flow;
monitoring the at least one mechanical oscillator to obtain a plurality of sampling values at a plurality of times from the non-resistant region or the first mechanical oscillator, a sampling value comprising at least one of a resonant frequency f and a quality factor Q, wherein the monitoring further includes obtaining a plurality of reference sampling values at the plurality of times from the reference region, or the second reference mechanical oscillator;
forming pattern window vectors having a first window size based on the plurality of sampling values, each pattern window vector being associated with a time from the plurality of times;
determining residue values for the pattern window vectors at the plurality of times based on a mean vector and a variance, the mean vector and the variance for a pattern window vector associated with a time being based on at least a portion of the pattern window vectors;
identifying one or more residue values greater than a threshold value;
excluding sampling values from the plurality of sampling values that correspond to times associated with the one or more identified residue values, wherein excluding sampling values further includes excluding reference sampling values from the plurality of reference sampling values that correspond to times associated with the one or more identified residue values; and
determining a corrosion-related value based on sampling values from the plurality of sampling values that are different from the excluded sampling values and reference sampling values from the plurality of reference sampling values that are different from the excluded reference sampling values, wherein determining the corrosion-related value based on the sampling values and the reference sampling values comprises determining the corrosion-related value based on a ratio of the sampling values and the reference sampling values.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein determining a corrosion-related value comprises:
determining a resonant frequency decrease in the at least one mechanical oscillator based on sampling values from the plurality of sampling values that are different from the excluded sampling values; and
determining a corrosion rate based on the determined resonant frequency decrease.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising excluding one or more additional sampling values from the plurality of sampling values, the one or more additional sampling values having corresponding residue values lower than the threshold value.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more additional excluded sampling values are excluded as sampling values corresponding to an increase in mass for the corrosion sensor.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein determining a residue value comprises:
determining a mean vector based on the pattern window vectors;
calculating a variance for the pattern window vectors; and
calculating the residue value based on the determined mean vector and the calculated variance.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein the determined mean vector comprises a moving mean vector and the calculated variance comprises a moving variance.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein a plurality of residue values are calculated based on each pattern window vector, each residue value calculation being based on a different memory value μ for forming pattern window vectors.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold value is selected based on a standard deviation of the determined residue values.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of pattern window vectors are formed based on each sampling value, at least two of the plurality of pattern window vectors having a different window size.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the mean vector and the variance for a pattern window associated with a time are based on pattern window vectors within a sampling window, the sampling window having a second window size, the second window size being larger than the first window size.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the corrosive or erosive environment includes a deposition environment.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a sampling value comprises both the resonant frequency and the quality factor.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
selecting a memory value μ, where 1/μ is greater than the first window size,
wherein determining residue values comprising determining residue values for the pattern window vectors at the plurality of times based on the selected memory value, a moving mean vector, and a moving variance, the moving mean vector and the moving variance for a pattern vector associated with a time being based on at least a portion of the pattern window vectors.