# US 10,502,657 B2 · Method and apparatus for determining cooling gallery fill in a piston > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,502,657 B2 - Document ID: US10502657B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/487,100 - Filed: 2017-04-13 - Published: 2018-10-18 - Granted: 2019-12-10 - Earliest claimed: 2017-04-13 - Assignees: Mahle International GmbH - Applicants: Mahle International GmbH - Inventors: Yu Chen; Michael T. Lapp - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10502657B2 ## CPC - G01M 15/08: by monitoring pressure in cylinders - F01M 1/08: Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means - F01M 11/02: Arrangements of lubricant conduits - F01P 3/10: Cooling by flow of coolant through pistons - F01P 2025/04: Pressure - F01P 2025/64: Number of revolutions - F01P 2025/66: Vehicle speed - F02F 3/22: the fluid being liquid - F02F 2200/00: Manufacturing - G01F 22/02: involving measurement of pressure - G01M: TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - F01M: LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING - F01P: COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with cooling of propulsion units in vehicles B60K11/00; heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials C09K5/00; {cooling of gas-turbine engines F02C7/12}; heat exchange in general, radiators F28) - F02F: CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES - G01F: MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME ## Abstract A system includes an engine block having a plurality of cylinder-piston combinations. At least one of the cylinder-piston combinations includes a cylinder, a piston positioned in the cylinder and coupled to a connecting rod, the piston having an internal cooling gallery about a circumference of the piston, an oil jet for introducing coolant into the cooling gallery, and at least one pressure sensor positioned within the piston to detect pressure fluctuations within the cooling gallery. The system includes a processor having a program coupled thereto. The processor is configured to detect cyclical pressure fluctuations within the cooling gallery, via the at least one pressure sensor, during a linear motion of the piston within the engine block, determine pressures that occur during the detected cyclical pressure fluctuations, and determine a fill ratio of coolant within the cooling gallery based on the determined pressures. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system, comprising: an engine block having a plurality of cylinder-piston combinations, wherein at least one of the cylinder-piston combinations includes: a cylinder; a piston positioned in the cylinder and coupled to a connecting rod, the piston having an internal cooling gallery about a circumference of the piston; an oil jet for introducing coolant into the cooling gallery; and at least one pressure sensor positioned within the piston to detect pressure fluctuations within the cooling gallery; and a processor having a program communicatively coupled to the processor, the processor configured to: detect cyclical pressure fluctuations within the cooling gallery, via the at least one pressure sensor, during a linear motion of the piston within the engine block; determine pressures that occur during the detected cyclical pressure fluctuations; and determine a fill ratio of coolant within the cooling gallery based on the determined pressures, wherein the fill ratio is defined by a fraction of a volume of the coolant in the cooling gallery to a total volume of the cooling gallery. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the pressures as one of an average peak pressure, an average low pressure, and an average pressure differential that occurs based on the detected cyclical pressure fluctuations, and wherein the processor is configured to determine the fill ratio based off of the one of the average peak pressure, the average low pressure, and the average pressure differential. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising a test arm attached to the engine block, the test arm having an end effector that is mechanically coupled to the piston, the test arm having a first extension and a second extension, and at least one hinge coupled to one of the first extension and the second extension to allow rotational motion about the at least one hinge during the linear motion of the piston within the cylinder block. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to: determine a speed of the engine; and determine the fill ratio of coolant within the cooling gallery at the determined speed of the engine based on the determined peak pressures. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to: access a lookup table that correlates between the determined pressures within the cooling gallery and the speed of the engine and the fill ratio to determine the fill ratio based on the determined pressures. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to: access a curve-fit equation that correlates between the determined pressures within the cooling gallery and the speed of the engine and the fill ratio to determine the fill ratio based on the determined pressures. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure sensor positioned within the piston includes six or more pressure sensors distributed at sensor locations about a circumference of the piston to detect the pressure fluctuations within the cooling gallery at the sensor locations. ### Claim 8 A method, comprising: measuring cyclical pressure fluctuations within a cooling gallery of a piston with at least one pressure sensor that is positioned within the piston, to detect pressure fluctuations within the cooling gallery, wherein the piston is within an engine block having a plurality of cylinder-piston combinations; determining one of a peak pressure, a low pressure, and a pressure differential that occurs during the cyclical pressure fluctuations; and determining a fill ratio of coolant within the cooling gallery based on the determined peak, low, or differential pressures; wherein the fill ratio is defined by a fraction of a volume of the coolant in the cooling gallery to a total volume of the cooling gallery. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, comprising determining the one of the peak pressure, the low pressure, and the pressure differential that occurs based on the pressures that occur during the cyclical pressure fluctuations. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, comprising determining the fill ratio as an average fill ratio based on the one of the peak pressure, the low pressure, and the differential pressure. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, comprising: determining a speed of piston movement; and determining the fill ratio of coolant within the cooling gallery at the determined piston speed based on the peak pressures. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, comprising: accessing a lookup table that correlates between at least one of the peak pressure, the low pressure, and the pressure differential within the cooling gallery and the piston speed and the fill ratio; and the step of determining the fill ratio includes determining based on at least one of the determined peak pressure, the low pressure, and the pressure differential within the cooling gallery. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, comprising: accessing a curve-fit equation that correlates between at least one of the peak pressure, the low pressure, and the pressure differential within the cooling gallery and the piston speed and the fill ratio; and the step of determining the fill ratio includes determining based on at least one of the determined peak pressure, the low pressure, and the pressure differential within the cooling gallery. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one pressure sensor positioned within the piston includes six or more pressure sensors distributed at sensor locations about a circumference of the piston to detect the pressure fluctuations within the cooling gallery at the sensor locations.