# US 10,502,484 B2 · System and method for liquefying natural gas with turbine inlet cooling

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- Number: US 10,502,484 B2
- Document ID: US10502484B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/661,305
- Filed: 2017-07-27
- Published: 2018-02-22
- Granted: 2019-12-10
- Earliest claimed: 2016-08-16
- Assignees: ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company
- Applicants: Richard A. Huntington; Paul W. Sibal; Michael T. Matheidas
- Inventors: Richard A. Huntington; Paul W. Sibal; Michael T. Matheidas
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10502484B2

## CPC

- F25J 1/0283: {Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver}
- F01D 15/08: Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
- F02C 6/10: supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
- F02C 7/143: before or between the compressor stages
- F25J 1/0022: {Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas}
- F25J 1/0052: {by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream}
- F25J 1/0055: {originating from an incorporated cascade}
- F25J 1/0087: {Propane; Propylene}
- F25J 1/0216: {using a C3 pre-cooling cycle}
- F25J 1/0236: {providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream}
- F25J 1/029: {Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver}
- F25J 1/0292: {Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas}
- F25J 1/0294: {Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement}
- F25J 1/0296: {Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink}
- F25J 1/0297: {using an externally chilled fluid, e.g. chilled water}
- F25J 3/0233: {separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more}
- F25J 2215/60: Methane
- F25J 2215/62: Ethane or ethylene
- F25J 2215/64: Propane or propylene
- F25J 2215/66: Butane or mixed butanes
- F25J 2220/64: Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
- F25J 2230/22: Compressor driver arrangement, e.g. power supply by motor, gas or steam turbine
- F25J 2270/60: Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
- F25J 2270/66: Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
- F25J: LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS {OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS} MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT {OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE (cryogenic pumps F04B37/08; gas storage vessels, gas holders F17; filing vessels with, or discharging from vessels, compressed, liquefied or solidified gases F17C; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B)}
- F01D: NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES (machines or engines for liquids F03; non-positive displacement pumps F04D)
- F02C: GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B11/00)

## Abstract

A system and method for processing natural gas to produce liquefied natural gas is disclosed. The natural gas is cooled in one or more heat exchangers using a first refrigerant from a first refrigerant circuit in which the first refrigerant is compressed in a first compressor driven by a first gas turbine having a first inlet air stream. The natural gas is liquefied using a second refrigerant, the second refrigerant being compressed in a second compressor driven by a second gas turbine having a second inlet air stream. At least one of the inlet air streams is chilled from about the respective dry bulb temperature to a temperature below the respective wet bulb temperature. Water contained in at least one of the chilled first and second air streams is condensed and separated therefrom. At least a portion of the first refrigerant is condensed or sub-cooled using the separated water.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for processing natural gas to produce liquefied natural gas, the method comprising:
cooling the natural gas in one or more heat exchangers using a first refrigerant from a first refrigerant circuit in which the first refrigerant is compressed in a first compressor driven by a first gas turbine having a first inlet air stream, the first inlet air stream having a dry bulb temperature and a wet bulb temperature;
liquefying the natural gas using a second refrigerant, the second refrigerant being compressed in a second compressor driven by a second gas turbine having a second inlet air stream, the second inlet air stream having a dry bulb temperature and a wet bulb temperature;
chilling at least one of the first and second inlet air streams from about the respective dry bulb temperature to a temperature below the respective wet bulb temperature, wherein the chilling of at least one of the first and second inlet air streams uses the first refrigerant from the first refrigerant circuit;
condensing water contained in at least one of the chilled first and second air streams;
separating the water from the at least one of the first and second air streams; and
condensing or sub-cooling at least a portion of the first refrigerant using the separated water.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein condensing or sub-cooling at least a portion of the first refrigerant further comprises:
spraying the water into an air cooler air stream to vaporize the water within the air cooler air stream; and
forcing the combined air cooler air stream and vaporized water over or across a tube bundle through which the at least a portion of the first refrigerant passes.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein forcing the air cooler air stream is accomplished using a fan.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein a flow rate or velocity of the air cooler air stream is adjusted using one or more of a fan speed control and a fan blade pitch control.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the air cooler air stream flow rate or velocity is adjusted based on at least one of: relative humidity of the air cooler air stream, flow rate of water sprayed into the air cooler air stream, ambient temperature, barometric pressure, psychometric air data, ambient relative humidity, air stream temperature, and temperature of the water sprayed into the air cooler air stream.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein chilling of at least one of the first and second inlet air streams further comprises:
cooling an intermediate heat transfer fluid using the first refrigerant from the first refrigerant circuit; and
chilling at least one of the first and second inlet air streams using the intermediate heat transfer fluid.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the intermediate heat transfer fluid comprises water or glycol.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein an inlet pressure of the first compressor is selected so that a bubble point temperature of the first refrigerant at the inlet pressure of the first compressor is greater than −5° Celsius and less than 20° Celsius.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein separating the water is accomplished by a separating device selected from an inertial separator, a vane separator, a plenum, and a coalescer.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising at least partially filtering at least one of the first and second inlet air streams before cooling the at least one of the first and second inlet air streams.

### Claim 11

A system for processing natural gas to produce liquefied natural gas, the system comprising:
one or more heat exchangers;
a first refrigerant configured to cool the natural gas in the one or more heat exchangers;
a first compressor driven by a first gas turbine, the first compressor configured to compress the first refrigerant, the first compressor having a first inlet air stream, wherein the first inlet air stream has a dry bulb temperature and a wet bulb temperature associated therewith;
a second refrigerant configured to liquefy the cooled natural gas in a cryogenic heat exchanger;
a second compressor driven by a second gas turbine and configured to compress the second refrigerant, the second compressor having a second inlet air stream, wherein the second inlet air stream has a dry bulb temperature and a wet bulb temperature associated therewith;
a chiller located at an inlet of each of at least one of the first and second gas turbines, the cooler configured to chill, using the first refrigerant, at least one of the first and second inlet air streams from about the respective dry bulb temperature to a temperature below the respective wet bulb temperature;
a separator located downstream of each chiller and configured to separate water in the chilled at least one of the first and second inlet air streams; and
a wet air fin cooler that combines the separated water with an air stream to condense or sub-cool at least a portion of the first refrigerant passing through the wet air fin cooler, wherein the wet air fin cooler comprises
a tube bundle through which the at least a portion of the first refrigerant passes;
a spray header configured to deliver the separated water to the air stream, to thereby vaporize the water within the air stream; and
a fan that forces the air stream and vaporized water over or across the tube bundle through which the at least a portion of the first refrigerant passes.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, further comprising a fan controller that controls at least one of a speed of the fan and a pitch of a blade of the fan.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, further comprising an intermediate heat transfer fluid, wherein the first refrigerant chills the at least one of the first and second inlet air streams through an intermediate heat transfer fluid configured to be cooled by the first refrigerant, and wherein the intermediate heat transfer fluid chills at least one of the first and second inlet air streams.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13, wherein the intermediate heat transfer fluid comprises water or glycol.

### Claim 15 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, further comprising a third compressor that compresses the first refrigerant to an inlet pressure selected so that a bubble point temperature of the first refrigerant at the inlet pressure is greater than −5° Celsius and less than 20° Celsius.

### Claim 16 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the separator is one of an inertial separator, a vane separator, a plenum, and a coalescer.

### Claim 17 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, further comprising a filter arranged to at least partially filter at least one of the first and second inlet air streams before the at least one of the first and second inlet air streams is chilled by the chiller.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein the filter comprises a moisture barrier.

### Claim 19 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the first refrigerant is propane.