# US 10,502,468 B2 · Parallel capillary expansion tube systems and methods > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,502,468 B2 - Document ID: US10502468B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/718,291 - Filed: 2017-09-28 - Published: 2018-04-05 - Granted: 2019-12-10 - Earliest claimed: 2016-10-05 - Assignees: Johnson Controls Technology Company - Applicants: Johnson Controls Technology Company - Inventors: Douglas A. Kester; Curtis W. Caskey; James K. Spitzer; Chandra Yelamanchili; Nicholas P. Mislak; Rajiv K. Karkhanis - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10502468B2 ## CPC - F25B 39/028: {having distributing means} - F25B 39/00: Evaporators; Condensers - F25B 40/02: Subcoolers - F25B 41/34: with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators - F25B 41/37: Capillary tubes - F25B 41/39: Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator - F25B 43/006: {Accumulators} - F25B 49/02: for compression type machines, plants or systems - F25B 49/022: {Compressor control arrangements} - F25B 2341/062: Capillary expansion valves - F25B 2341/0683: the sensor is disposed in the suction line and influenced by the temperature or the pressure of the suction gas - F25B 2400/13: Economisers - F25B 2500/19: Calculation of parameters - F25B 2600/0253: with variable speed - F25B 2600/2513: Expansion valves - F25B 2700/13: Mass flow of refrigerants - F25B 2700/1931: Discharge pressures - F25B 2700/195: of the condenser - F25B 2700/197: of the evaporator - F25B 2700/2115: of a compressor or the drive means therefor - F25B 2700/21163: of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser - F25B 2700/21175: of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator - Y02B 30/70: Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating - F25B: REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS ## Abstract A cooling system includes a subcooling heat exchange assembly, which controls magnitude of subcooling of refrigerant circulated through the cooling system. The subcooling heat exchange assembly includes a first fluid line fluidly coupled to an output of a condenser to enable a first portion of the refrigerant output from the condenser to flow through the first fluid line; a second fluid line fluidly coupled to the output of the condenser to enable a second portion of the refrigerant output from the condenser to flow through the second fluid line; and an expansion valve disposed along the second fluid line, in which the expansion valve exerts a first pressure drop on the second portion of the refrigerant that facilitates extracting heat from the first portion of the refrigerant flowing through the first fluid line using the second portion of the refrigerant flowing through the second fluid line when valve position of the expansion valve is greater than a threshold position. Additionally the cooling system includes a plurality of capillary expansion tubes fluidly coupled in parallel to an output of the first fluid line and that to exert a second pressure drop on the refrigerant circulated through the cooling system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A cooling system, comprising: a subcooling heat exchange assembly configured to control a magnitude of subcooling of refrigerant circulated through the cooling system, wherein the subcooling heat exchange assembly comprises: a first fluid line configured to be fluidly coupled to an output of a condenser to enable a first portion of the refrigerant output from the condenser to flow through the first fluid line; a second fluid line configured to be fluidly coupled to the output of the condenser to enable a second portion of the refrigerant output from the condenser to flow through the second fluid line to a suction line at a first location of the suction line; and an expansion valve disposed along the second fluid line, wherein the expansion valve is configured to exert a first pressure drop on the second portion of the refrigerant that facilitates extracting heat from the first portion of the refrigerant flowing through the first fluid line using the second portion of the refrigerant flowing through the second fluid line when valve position of the expansion valve is greater than a threshold position; and a plurality of capillary expansion tubes fluidly coupled in parallel to an output of the first fluid line and configured to exert a second pressure drop on the refrigerant circulated through the cooling system; an evaporator heat exchanger fluidly coupled to the plurality of expansion tubes; and a sensing bulb disposed at a second location of the suction line and communicatively coupled to the expansion valve, wherein the second location is downstream of the first location, and wherein the sensing bulb is configured to: measure a temperature and a pressure of the refrigerant output from the evaporator heat exchanger; and adjust the valve position of the expansion valve to a more open position when the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant output from the evaporator heat exchanger increase. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the expansion valve divides the second fluid line into a first portion and a second portion, wherein the second portion is coiled around the first fluid line before an input to each of the plurality of capillary expansion tubes. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The cooling system of claim 1, wherein: the evaporator heat exchanger comprises a plurality of evaporator paths; each of the plurality of evaporator paths is fluidly coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of capillary expansion tubes; each of the plurality of evaporator paths is configured to facilitate heat exchange between the refrigerant circulated through the evaporator heat exchanger and a surrounding fluid; and the subcooling heat exchange assembly is configured to control the magnitude of subcooling of the refrigerant entering the plurality of capillary expansion tubes to facilitate substantially uniformly distributing a mass flow of the refrigerant between each of the plurality of evaporator paths. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The cooling system of claim 1, wherein a pressure increase within the sensing bulb causes the expansion valve to adjust the valve position to an intermediate position greater than the threshold position. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The cooling system of claim 1, comprising a compressor configured to drive circulation of the refrigerant through the cooling system, wherein the subcooling heat exchange assembly is configured to adjust the magnitude of subcooling of the refrigerant before the refrigerant enters the plurality of capillary expansion tubes based at least in part on an operating capacity of the compressor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The cooling system of claim 5, wherein the compressor comprises a variable speed compressor or a plurality of tandem compressors. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The cooling system of claim 5, wherein the threshold position of the expansion valve corresponds to the operating capacity at which the compressor is expected to be operating. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The cooling system of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of capillary expansion tubes is sized to facilitate substantially uniform distribution of a mass flow of the refrigerant between each of the plurality of capillary expansion tubes when: the expansion valve is in the threshold position; and the compressor is operating at the operating capacity at which the compressor is expected to be operating. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the expansion valve is configured to control a flow rate of the second portion of refrigerant through the second fluid line. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The cooling system of claim 1, wherein controlling the magnitude of subcooling of the refrigerant comprises increasing the subcooling of the first portion of refrigerant in the first fluid line, wherein increasing the subcooling of the first portion of the refrigerant increases a choked mass flow rate of the refrigerant across the plurality of capillary expansion tubes. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the expansion valve divides the second fluid line into a first portion and a second portion, wherein the second portion is configured to enable the second portion of the refrigerant output from the condenser to flow through a heat exchanger and transfer heat with the first portion of the refrigerant output from the condenser flowing through the first fluid line before an input to each of the plurality of capillary expansion tubes. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the expansion valve comprises a thermostatic expansion valve. ### Claim 13 A method for operating a cooling system, comprising: sensing a temperature and a pressure of refrigerant output from an evaporator of the cooling system at a first location of a suction line using one or more sensors communicatively coupled to an expansion valve; adjusting flow rate of a first portion of refrigerant flowing through a first fluid line of a subcooling heat exchange assembly to a second location of a suction line based on the sensed temperature and the sensed pressure, wherein the subcooling heat exchange assembly comprises the first fluid line and a second fluid line each fluidly coupled to an output of a condenser of the cooling system, wherein adjusting the flow rate of the first portion of refrigerant comprises adjusting a position of the expansion valve to a more open position when the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant output from the evaporator at the first location increase, wherein the first location is downstream of the second location, and wherein the flow rate of the first portion of refrigerant increases when the expansion valve is opened to the more open position; and affecting an adjustment of a choked mass flow rate of the refrigerant through a plurality of parallel capillary tubes, wherein the plurality of capillary tubes is fluidly coupled to the output of the second fluid line of the subcooling heat exchange assembly. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant output from the evaporator increases when an operating capacity of a compressor of the cooling system increases above an expected operating capacity, wherein the compressor is configured to drive circulation of the refrigerant through the cooling system, and wherein the subcooling heat exchange assembly is configured to affect an increase in the choked mass flow rate of refrigerant through the plurality of parallel capillary expansion tubes when the operating capacity of the compressor increases above the expected operating capacity to facilitate substantially uniform distribution of refrigerant mass flow through the plurality of capillary expansion tubes. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of parallel capillary tubes is fluidly coupled to a corresponding one of a plurality of evaporator paths of the evaporator, and wherein substantially uniform distribution of the refrigerant mass flow through the plurality of capillary expansion tubes corresponds to substantially uniform distribution of the refrigerant mass flow through the plurality of evaporator paths. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, comprising affecting an adjustment in a magnitude of subcooling of a second portion of refrigerant flowing through the second fluid line of the subcooling heat exchange assembly based at least in part on the flow rate of the first portion of refrigerant flowing through the first fluid line of the subcooling heat exchange assembly, wherein affecting an adjustment of the choked mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the plurality of capillary expansion tubes is based at least in part on the magnitude of subcooling of the second portion of refrigerant flowing through the second fluid line of the subcooling heat exchange assembly. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein an increase in the magnitude of subcooling of the second portion of refrigerant affects an increase in the choked mass flow rate of refrigerant through the plurality of parallel capillary expansion tubes. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, wherein the first portion of refrigerant and the second portion of refrigerant are portions of the refrigerant output from the condenser. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the second portion of refrigerant is a greater portion of the refrigerant output from the condenser relative to the first portion of refrigerant. ### Claim 20 A cooling system, comprising: a subcooling heat exchange assembly comprising: a first fluid line configured to be fluidly coupled to an output of a condenser to enable a first portion of refrigerant output from the condenser to flow through the first fluid line; a second fluid line configured to be fluidly coupled to the output of the condenser to enable a second portion of the refrigerant output from the condenser to flow through the second fluid line to a suction line at a first location of the suction line, wherein the first portion of refrigerant is a greater portion of the refrigerant output from the condenser relative to the second portion of refrigerant, wherein second portion of the refrigerant is configured to adjust a magnitude of subcooling of the first portion of the refrigerant, an electronic expansion valve disposed along the second fluid line configured to exert a first pressure drop on the second portion of the refrigerant when the thermal expansion valve is open greater than a threshold position, wherein the threshold position is closed, wherein the first pressure drop is configured to decrease the temperature of the second portion of refrigerant; and a controller communicatively coupled to the electronic expansion valve and configured to control a valve position of the electronic expansion valve; a plurality of capillary expansion tubes fluidly coupled in parallel to an output of the first fluid line and configured to exert a second pressure drop on the refrigerant circulated through the cooling system; and an evaporator heat exchanger fluidly coupled to the plurality of expansion tubes, wherein: the evaporator heat exchanger comprises a plurality of evaporator paths; each of the plurality of evaporator paths is fluidly coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of capillary expansion tubes; and each of the plurality of evaporator paths is configured to facilitate heat exchange between the refrigerant circulated through the evaporator heat exchanger and a surrounding fluid; and one or more sensors communicatively coupled to the controller and configured to measure a temperature and a pressure of the refrigerant output from the evaporator heat exchanger to a second location of the suction line and output the temperature and pressure measurements to the controller, wherein the second location is downstream of the first location; wherein the controller is configured to output a first instruction to the expansion valve to adjust the valve position of the expansion valve to a more open position when the measured temperature is greater than a threshold temperature. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The cooling system of claim 20, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant output from the evaporator heat exchanger corresponds to an expected temperature and pressure of the refrigerant output from the evaporator heat exchanger. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The cooling system of claim 21, wherein, upon determining that the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant output from the evaporator heat exchanger does not correspond to the expected temperature and pressure of the refrigerant output from the evaporator heat exchanger, the controller is configured to output a second instruction to the electronic expansion valve instructing the electronic expansion valve to the adjust the valve position, and wherein the adjustment of the valve position of the electronic expansion valve adjusts the magnitude of subcooling of the first portion of refrigerant before the first portion of refrigerant enters the plurality of capillary expansion tubes. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The cooling system of claim 20, wherein the adjustment of the magnitude of subcooling of the first portion of refrigerant before the first portion of refrigerant enters the plurality of capillary expansion tubes is configured to adjust a choked mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the plurality of capillary expansion tubes to facilitate substantially uniform distribution of the refrigerant mass flow through the plurality of capillary expansion tubes and the plurality of evaporator coils. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The cooling system of claim 21, comprising a compressor configured to drive circulation of the refrigerant through the cooling system, wherein a change in the operating capacity of the compressor causes a change in the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant output from the evaporator heat exchanger.