# US 10,502,157 B2 · Machine with reduced cylinder friction > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,502,157 B2 - Document ID: US10502157B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/383,769 - Filed: 2016-12-19 - Published: 2017-07-27 - Granted: 2019-12-10 - Earliest claimed: 2016-01-27 - Assignees: Ford Global Technologies, LLC - Applicants: Ford Global Technologies, LLC - Inventors: Ian Graham Pegg - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10502157B2 ## CPC - F02F 1/004: {Cylinder liners (F02F1/08, F02F1/16 take precedence)} - F02F 1/20: characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication - F02F 3/00: Pistons - F16J 10/04: Running faces; Liners - F02F: CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES - F16J: PISTONS {(specially adapted for dampers F16F9/32)}; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS ## Abstract A machine having a cylinder, the configuration of the machine being such that a body portion of a piston of the machine periodically engages an inner surface of the cylinder during operation of the machine, this engagement defining a contact zone between the body portion of the piston and the inner surface of the cylinder, the inner surface of the cylinder having an enhanced bearing region comprising one or more recesses indented into the inner surface, the enhanced bearing region being smaller than the inner surface of the cylinder and being substantially centered on the contact zone. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A machine having a cylinder, wherein a grade point of a body portion of a piston of the machine periodically engages an inner surface of the cylinder during operation of the machine, the engagement defining a grade point contact zone between the body portion of the piston and the inner surface of the cylinder when the body portion of the piston rotates about an axis of a piston pin, the inner surface of the cylinder having a bearing region comprising one or more recesses indented into the inner surface of the cylinder, the bearing region being smaller than the inner surface of the cylinder, and wherein a center point of the bearing region is located in an axial plane of the piston that is perpendicular to and coincident with a midpoint of a rotational axis of the piston pin. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The machine according to claim 1, wherein the bearing region is defined by a first dimension in a direction of travel of the piston, and wherein the first dimension is a function of a dimension of the body portion of the piston in the direction of travel of the piston. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The machine according to claim 2, wherein a ratio of the first dimension to the dimension of the body portion of the piston in the direction of travel of the piston is in a range of 1:2 to 1:1. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The machine according to claim 2, wherein the first dimension is a function of a dimension of an elastically deformed portion of the body portion of the piston in the direction of travel of the piston. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The machine according to claim 1, wherein the bearing region is defined by a second dimension in a circumferential direction of the piston. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The machine according to claim 5, wherein the second dimension is a function of a dimension of the body portion of the piston in the circumferential direction of the piston, and wherein a ratio of the second dimension to the dimension of the body portion of the piston in the circumferential direction of the piston is in a range of 1:4 to 1:2. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The machine according to claim 5, wherein the second dimension is a function of a dimension of an elastically deformed portion of the body portion of the piston in the circumferential direction of the piston. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The machine according to claim 1, wherein the body portion of the piston comprises a piston skirt, and wherein the bearing region is centered on a radial plane of the piston when the piston is at top dead center. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The machine according to claim 8, wherein the radial plane of the piston is located within a range of 10 to 20 mm from a bottom edge of the body portion of the piston, and wherein the bearing region is centered on an axial plane of the piston. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The machine according to claim 9, wherein the axial plane of the piston is perpendicular to the rotational axis of the piston pin, and wherein the axial plane of the piston is a mid-plane of the piston. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The machine according to claim 1, wherein the bearing region is centered on a point on the inner surface of the cylinder that corresponds to a grade point of the piston when the piston is at top dead center or bottom dead center. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The machine according to claim 1, wherein the bearing region extends partially around a circumference of the inner surface of the cylinder, wherein the bearing region extends partially along an axial length of the inner surface of the cylinder, and wherein the bearing region is elliptical. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The machine according to claim 1, wherein the body portion of the piston is configured to deform elastically upon engagement with the inner surface of the cylinder, a shape of the of the grade point contact zone being defined by at least one of a dimension of an elastically deformed portion of the body portion of the piston in a direction of travel of the piston and a dimension of the elastically deformed portion of the body portion of the piston in a circumferential direction of the piston. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The machine according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the cylinder comprises at least one of: a top bearing region having one or more recesses indented into the inner surface of the cylinder, wherein the top bearing region is provided on a thrust side of the cylinder; and a bottom bearing region having one or more recesses indented into the inner surface of the cylinder, wherein the bottom bearing region is provided on an anti-thrust side of the cylinder. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The machine according to claim 14, wherein the top bearing region and the bottom bearing region are separated by a middle region having no recesses indented into the inner surface of the cylinder. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The machine according to claim 14, wherein the top bearing region and the bottom bearing region are spaced apart in a direction of travel of the piston. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The machine according to claim 1, wherein the one or more recesses are provided in a bore of a cylinder block or in a bore of a cylinder liner, wherein the one or more recesses are arranged into rows that extend circumferentially around the inner surface of the cylinder, the recesses of each row having a circumferential spacing between adjacent recesses, and wherein the rows are adjacent. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The machine according to claim 17, wherein a ratio of a dimension of the recesses in a circumferential direction to a dimension of the circumferential spacing is 2:1. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The machine according to claim 17, wherein one of the rows is offset from another of the rows in a circumferential direction by an offset distance, and wherein a ratio of a dimension of the recesses in the circumferential direction to a dimension of the offset distance is 2:1. ### Claim 20 A method of forming a machine having one or more cylinders, wherein a grade point of a body portion of a piston of the machine periodically engages an inner surface of the cylinder during operation of the machine, the engagement defining a grade point contact zone between the inner surface of the cylinder and the body portion of the piston when the body portion of the piston rotates about an axis of a piston pin, the inner surface of the cylinder having an enhanced bearing region comprising one or more recesses indented into the inner surface of the cylinder, the enhanced bearing region being smaller than the inner surface of the cylinder, the method comprising: determining a location of the grade point contact zone; and providing the enhanced bearing region in a region of the inner surface of the cylinder, wherein a center point of the enhanced bearing region is located in an axial plane of the piston that is perpendicular to and coincident with a midpoint of a rotational axis of the piston pin.