# US 10,501,993 B2 · Drilling and operating sigmoid-shaped wells > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,501,993 B2 - Document ID: US10501993B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/156,000 - Filed: 2018-10-10 - Published: 2019-02-07 - Granted: 2019-12-10 - Earliest claimed: 2017-02-13 - Assignees: Saudi Arabian Oil Company - Applicants: Saudi Arabian Oil Company - Inventors: Mohamed N. Noui-Mehidi - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10501993B2 ## CPC - E21B 7/061: {the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock} - E21B 6/04: Separate drives for percussion and rotation - E21B 7/02: Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport {with their own drive}, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting - E21B 7/046: {horizontal drilling (drilling with mechanical conveying means E21B7/003)} - E21B 33/04: Casing heads; Suspending casings or tubings in well heads - E21B 33/068: having provision for introducing objects or fluids into, or removing objects from, wells (cementing-heads E21B33/05) - E21B 43/30: Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS ## Abstract Provided are systems and methods for drilling a horizontally-oriented well having a sigmoid-shaped wellbore including an upper sigmoid portion having a downward curving wellbore trajectory and a lower sigmoid portion having an upward curving wellbore trajectory. The upper sigmoid portion having a first trajectory having a generally horizontal gradient at an entry point of the wellbore and that increases in downward gradient to a vertical gradient at an inflection point. The lower sigmoid portion having a second trajectory that includes the vertical gradient at the inflection point and that decreases in downward gradient to a generally horizontal gradient at a horizontal transition point of the wellbore. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A hydrocarbon well drilling system comprising: a wellhead system comprising a wellhead body disposed at a surface of the earth, the wellhead body comprising a wellhead passage configured to guide a drill string from a horizontal orientation to a downward sloping orientation of a wellbore having a sigmoid well trajectory, the wellhead passage comprising a conduit extending from a wellhead entrance at a vertically oriented side of the wellhead body to a wellhead exit at a horizontally oriented underside of the wellhead body; a drill string configured to pass through the wellhead passage, the drill string comprising a horizontally oriented starting end and a drill bit configured to bore through a subsurface formation to create the wellbore having the sigmoid well trajectory, the wellbore comprising: a first sigmoid portion extending from the wellhead exit to an inflection point of the wellbore, the inflection point being located downhole from the wellhead exit, the first sigmoid portion of the wellbore comprising a first trajectory that is generally horizontal at the wellhead exit of the wellbore and that increases in slope to a first gradient at the inflection point; and a second sigmoid portion extending from the inflection point of the wellbore to a transition point of the wellbore, the transition point being located downhole from the inflection point, the second sigmoid portion of the wellbore comprising a second trajectory that matches the first gradient of the first sigmoid portion of the wellbore at the inflection point and that decreases in slope to a second gradient at the transition point; and a drilling control system, comprising: a motive system configured to exert a horizontal motive force on the horizontally oriented starting end of the drill string to generate a force to facilitate the drill bit boring through the subsurface formation to create the wellbore having the sigmoid well trajectory. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the wellhead body is partially disposed below the surface of the earth such that wellhead entrance is disposed above the surface of the earth, and the horizontally oriented underside of the wellhead body is disposed below the surface of the earth. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the wellhead system comprises a wellhead stabilizer comprising a cage disposed over an upper portion of the wellhead body to inhibit horizontal or vertical movement of the wellhead body. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3, wherein the cage comprises extensions that are secured to the surface of the earth. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the cage comprises one more lateral cage elements that extend laterally across the upper portion of the wellhead body, and one or more longitudinal cage elements that extend longitudinally across the upper portion of the wellhead body. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the wellhead passage comprises an up-hole portion having a horizontally oriented trajectory, and a down-hole portion having a downward sloping trajectory that terminates at the wellhead exit. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The system of claim 6, wherein the up-hole portion of the wellhead passage comprises a hanger section comprising one or more integrated shoulders for supporting components disposed in the wellbore. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The system of claim 7, wherein the down-hole portion of the wellhead passage has a first internal diameter, and wherein the hanger section comprises: a casing hanger shoulder defined by a casing hanger portion of the up-hole portion of the wellhead passage having a second internal diameter that is greater than the first internal diameter; and a production tubing hanger shoulder defined by a production tubing hanger portion of the up-hole portion of the wellhead passage having a third internal diameter that is greater than the second internal diameter, the production tubing hanger portion being located up-hole from the casing hanger portion. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the motive system comprises a vehicle configured to advance in a horizontal direction to exert the horizontal motive force on the starting end of the drill string. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the motive system comprises a ram configured to advance in a horizontal direction to exert the horizontal motive force on the starting end of the drill string. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the generally horizontal portion of the first trajectory at the wellhead exit comprises an entry angle in the range of 5° to 30° from horizontal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the first gradient of the first trajectory at the inflection point of the wellbore comprises an inflection angle in the range of 0° to 45° from vertical. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the second gradient of the second trajectory at the transition point comprises a transition angle in the range of 0° to 10° from horizontal. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the wellbore comprises a horizontal portion of the wellbore extending from the transition point of the wellbore, the horizontal portion of the wellbore comprising a third trajectory that matches the third gradient of the second sigmoid portion of the wellbore at the transition point and that has a horizontal gradient along its length. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The system of claim 14, wherein the horizontal gradient of the horizontal portion of the wellbore comprises a gradient in the range of 0° to 15° from horizontal. ### Claim 16 A method of drilling a hydrocarbon well, the method comprising: installing a wellhead system comprising disposing a wellhead body at a surface of the earth, the wellhead body comprising a wellhead passage configured to guide a drill string from a horizontal orientation to a downward sloping orientation of a wellbore having a sigmoid well trajectory, the wellhead passage comprising a conduit extending from a wellhead entrance at a vertically oriented side of the wellhead body to a wellhead exit at a horizontally oriented underside of the wellhead body; inserting a drill string into the wellhead passage, the drill string comprising a horizontally oriented starting end and a drill bit; and exerting a horizontal motive force on the horizontally oriented starting end of the drill string to generate a force to cause the drill bit to bore through the subsurface formation to create the wellbore having the sigmoid well trajectory, the wellbore comprising: a first sigmoid portion extending from the wellhead exit to an inflection point of the wellbore, the inflection point being located downhole from the wellhead exit, the first sigmoid portion of the wellbore comprising a first trajectory that is generally horizontal at the wellhead exit of the wellbore and that increases in slope to a first gradient at the inflection point; and a second sigmoid portion extending from the inflection point of the wellbore to a transition point of the wellbore, the transition point being located downhole from the inflection point, the second sigmoid portion of the wellbore comprising a second trajectory that matches the first gradient of the first sigmoid portion of the wellbore at the inflection point and that decreases in slope to a second gradient at the transition point. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein disposing the wellhead body at the surface of the earth comprises disposing a lower portion of the wellhead body below the surface of the earth such that wellhead entrance is disposed above the surface of the earth, and the horizontally oriented underside of the wellhead body is disposed below the surface of the earth. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein installing the wellhead system comprises installing a wellhead stabilizer comprising a cage disposed over an upper portion of the wellhead body to inhibit horizontal or vertical movement of the wellhead body. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the cage comprises extensions that are secured to the surface of the earth. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the cage comprises one more lateral cage elements that extend laterally across the upper portion of the wellhead body, and one or more longitudinal cage elements that extend longitudinally across the upper portion of the wellhead body. ### Claim 21 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the wellhead passage comprises an up-hole portion having a horizontally oriented trajectory, and a down-hole portion having a downward sloping trajectory that terminates at the wellhead exit. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein the up-hole portion of the wellhead passage comprises a hanger section comprising one or more integrated shoulders for supporting components disposed in the wellbore. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The method of claim 22, wherein the down-hole portion of the wellhead passage has a first internal diameter, and wherein the hanger section comprises: a casing hanger shoulder defined by a casing hanger portion of the up-hole portion of the wellhead passage having a second internal diameter that is greater than the first internal diameter; and a production tubing hanger shoulder defined by a production tubing hanger portion of the up-hole portion of the wellhead passage having a third internal diameter that is greater than the second internal diameter, wherein the production tubing hanger portion is located up-hole from the casing hanger portion. ### Claim 24 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein exerting a horizontal motive force to the horizontally oriented starting end of the drill string comprises advancing a vehicle in a horizontal direction to exert the horizontal motive force on the starting end of the drill string. ### Claim 25 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein exerting a horizontal motive force to the horizontally oriented starting end of the drill string comprises advancing a ram in a horizontal direction to exert the horizontal motive force on the starting end of the drill string. ### Claim 26 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the generally horizontal portion of the first trajectory at the wellhead exit comprises an entry angle in the range of 5° to 30° from horizontal. ### Claim 27 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the first gradient of the first trajectory at the inflection point of the wellbore comprises an inflection angle in the range of 0° to 45° from vertical. ### Claim 28 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the second gradient of the second trajectory at the transition point comprises a transition angle in the range of 0° to 10° from horizontal. ### Claim 29 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the wellbore comprises a horizontal portion extending from the transition point of the wellbore, the horizontal portion of the wellbore comprising a third trajectory that matches the third gradient of the second sigmoid portion of the wellbore at the transition point and that has a horizontal gradient along its length. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The method of claim 29, wherein the horizontal gradient of the horizontal portion of the wellbore comprises a gradient in the range of 0° to 15° from horizontal. ### Claim 31 A method comprising: installing a wellhead system comprising a wellhead passage comprising a conduit extending from a wellhead entry point in a vertically oriented side of a wellhead body of the wellhead system, to a wellhead exit point in a horizontally oriented underside of the wellhead body; and advancing a drill string through the wellhead passage to drill a horizontally-oriented hydrocarbon well comprising a sigmoid-shaped wellbore comprising an upper sigmoid portion comprising a downward curving wellbore trajectory and a lower sigmoid portion comprising an upward curving wellbore trajectory, the upper sigmoid portion comprising a first trajectory comprising a generally horizontal gradient at the wellhead exit point and that increases in downward gradient to a vertical gradient at an inflection point, and the lower sigmoid portion comprising a second trajectory that comprises the vertical gradient at the inflection point and decreases in downward gradient to a generally horizontal gradient at a horizontal transition point of the wellbore.