# US 10,501,683 B2 · Proppant

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- Number: US 10,501,683 B2
- Document ID: US10501683B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/038,827
- Filed: 2014-11-25
- Published: 2016-12-29
- Granted: 2019-12-10
- Earliest claimed: 2013-11-26
- Assignees: BASF SE
- Applicants: BASF SE
- Inventors: Alexander Gershanovich; Christopher M. Tanguay
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10501683B2

## CPC

- C09K 8/805: {Coated proppants}
- C08G 18/6588: {with compounds of group C08G18/3203}
- C08G 18/69: Polymers of conjugated dienes {(hydrogenated polymers of conjugated dienes C08G18/6208)}
- C08G 18/7657: {containing two or more aromatic rings}
- C09D 175/14: Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09K 8/66: Compositions based on water or polar solvents (C09K8/64 takes precedence)
- C09K 8/68: containing organic compounds
- C09K 8/885: {obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds}
- C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C08G: MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C09D: COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR (cosmetics A61K; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general, B05D; staining wood B27K5/02; glazes or vitreous enamels C03C; natural resins, French polish, drying-oils, driers, turpentine, per se, C09F; polishing compositions other than French polish, ski waxes C09G; adhesives or use of materials as adhesives C09J; materials for sealing or packing joints or covers C09K3/10; materials for stopping leaks C09K3/12; processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings C25D)

## Abstract

A proppant includes a particle present in an amount of from 90 to 99.5 percent by weight based on the total weight of the proppant, and a polyurethane coating disposed about the particle and present in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 percent by weight based on the total weight of the proppant. The polyurethane coating comprises the reaction product of an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component comprising a polydiene polyol.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A proppant for hydraulically fracturing a subterranean formation, said proppant comprising:
A. a particle present in an amount of from 96 to 99 percent by weight based on the total weight of said proppant; and
B. a polyurethane coating disposed about said particle and present in an amount of from 1.0 to 4.0 percent by weight based on the total weight of said proppant, said polyurethane coating comprising the reaction product of:
an isocyanate component present in an amount of from 19.9% to 53.1% by weight based on the total weight of all components included in the isocyanate component, and
an isocyanate-reactive component comprising 70% to 90% of a polybutadiene and 10% to 30% of a chain extender, based on the total weight of all components included in the isocyanate-reactive component,
wherein the isocyanate component is selected from the group consisting of diphenylmethane diisocyanates (MDIs), polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanates (pMDIs), toluene diisocyanates (TDIs), hexamethylene diisocyanates (HDIs), isophorone diisocyanates (IP-DIs), and combinations thereof,
wherein said chain extender comprises an alkylene glycol selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and combinations thereof, and
wherein said polybutadiene comprises no less than 50 percent by weight 1,2-vinyl units based the total weight of said polybutadiene.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The proppant as claimed in claim 1, wherein said polybutadiene is a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The proppant as claimed in claim 1, wherein said isocyanate component comprises polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and has an NCO content of about 33.5 weight percent.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The proppant as claimed in claim 1, wherein said particle is selected from the group consisting of minerals, ceramics, sands, nut shells, gravels, mine tailings, coal ashes, rocks, smelter slag, diatomaceous earth, crushed charcoals, micas, sawdust, wood chips, resinous particles, polymeric particles, and combinations thereof.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The proppant as claimed in claim 1, that is thermally stable at temperatures greater than 200° C.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

A hydraulic fracturing composition comprising water and the proppant as claimed in claim 1.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

A method of forming the proppant as claimed in claim 1, said method comprising the steps of:
A. combining the isocyanate component and the isocyanate-reactive component to form a reaction mixture; and
B. coating the particle with the reaction mixture to form the proppant comprising the particle and the polyurethane coating disposed about said particle.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step of combining is conducted simultaneous with the step of coating.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the steps of combining and coating are conducted at a temperature of from −10 to 50° C.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the steps of combining and coating are collectively conducted in 10 minutes or less.