# US 10,500,675 B2 · Additive manufacturing systems including an imaging device and methods of operating such systems

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- Number: US 10,500,675 B2
- Document ID: US10500675B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/929,948
- Filed: 2015-11-02
- Published: 2017-05-04
- Granted: 2019-12-10
- Earliest claimed: 2015-11-02
- Assignees: General Electric Company
- Applicants: General Electric Company
- Inventors: Mark Allen Cheverton; Harry Kirk Mathews, Jr.
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10500675B2

## CPC

- B23K 26/144: the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
- B22F 10/28: Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
- B22F 12/90: Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
- B23K 26/032: {using optical means}
- B23K 26/342: Build-up welding
- B29C 64/153: using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
- B29C 64/393: for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
- B33Y 10/00: Processes of additive manufacturing
- B33Y 30/00: Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B33Y 50/02: for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
- B22F 10/36: of energy beam parameters
- B22F 10/366: Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
- B22F 10/38: to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
- B22F 10/385: {Overhang structures}
- B22F 10/85: for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
- B22F 12/38: {Housings, e.g. machine housings}
- B22F 12/44: characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F 12/49: Scanners
- B22F 2999/00: Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
- Y02P 10/25: Process efficiency
- B23K: SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B22F: WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER (making alloys by powder metallurgy C22C); APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00)
- B33Y: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

## Abstract

An additive manufacturing system includes a surface holding a particulate and a focused energy source configured to generate at least one beam that moves along the surface to heat the particulate to a melting point creating a melt path. A camera is configured to generate an image of the surface as the at least one beam moves along the surface. The camera has a field of view and is positioned in relation to the surface such that the field of view encompasses a portion of the melt path defining a plurality of rasters. The camera generates a time exposure image of at least the portion of the melt path defining the plurality of rasters.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An additive manufacturing system comprising:
a surface holding a particulate;
a focused energy source configured to generate at least one beam that moves along said surface to heat the particulate to a melting point creating a melt path;
a camera configured to generate an image of said surface as the at least one beam moves along said surface, said camera having a field of view, said camera positioned in relation to said surface such that the field of view encompasses a portion of the melt path defining a plurality of rasters, wherein said camera generates a time exposure image of at least the portion of the melt path defining the plurality of rasters by positioning a shutter of the camera in an open position for a period of time longer than one minute; and
a trigger coupled to said camera and configured to control positioning of said shutter based on a build time of a component formed by the additive manufacturing system, wherein said trigger is configured to position said shutter in the open position at the commencement of a layer build and position said shutter in a closed position at the completion of the layer build.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The additive manufacturing system in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a processor for processing the time exposure image, said processor configured to recognize differences in light intensity within the time exposure image.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The additive manufacturing system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the shutter is positionable between the open position that allows light to travel through an aperture and a closed position that inhibits light traveling through the aperture, wherein the shutter controls the exposure time of the camera.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The additive manufacturing system in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a housing, said housing defining a viewport therein, said camera positioned adjacent said viewport.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The additive manufacturing system in accordance with claim 4, wherein said housing comprises a bottom wall, a top wall opposite said bottom wall, and a sidewall at least partially extending between said bottom wall and said top, said bottom wall at least partially defining said surface.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The additive manufacturing system in accordance with claim 5, wherein said viewport is defined by said sidewall.

### Claim 7

A method of manufacturing a part using an additive manufacturing system, said method comprising:
depositing a layer of particulate on a surface;
heating the particulate to a melting point of the particulate using a focused energy source;
directing a beam of the focused energy source at the particulate;
forming a melt pool of the particulate, wherein said melt pool emits a melt pool light;
moving the beam of the focused energy source to generate a melt pool path;
receiving a signal indicating the commencement of a build layer of the part;
exposing a camera to the melt pool light;
receiving a signal indicating the completion of a build layer of the part; and
generating a time exposure image of at least a portion of the melt pool path with the camera by positioning a shutter of the camera in an open position for a period of time longer than one minute.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method in accordance with claim 7, wherein depositing a layer of particulate comprises depositing a first layer of particulate, said method further comprising depositing a second layer of particulate over at least a portion of the first layer of particulate.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method in accordance with claim 7, wherein moving a beam of the focused energy source comprises moving a beam of the focused energy source along rows on the particulate, the rows on the particulate forming a plurality of rasters.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method in accordance with claim 9 further comprising opening the shutter of the camera prior to directing the beam of the focused energy source at the particulate and closing the shutter after the plurality of rasters are formed.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The method in accordance with claim 7 further comprising inspecting the time exposure image to determine characteristics of the melt pool.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method in accordance with claim 11, wherein inspecting the time exposure image comprises determining differences in light intensity in the time exposure image.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The method in accordance with claim 11 further comprising comparing the time exposure image to an electronic image of the part.

### Claim 14 (depends on 7)

The method in accordance with claim 7, wherein positioning the shutter of the camera in the open position comprises positioning the shutter alternatingly in open and closed positions such that the shutter is cumulatively in the open position for a period of time longer than one minute.

### Claim 15

An imaging device for use in an additive manufacturing system including a surface holding a particulate and a focused energy source configured to generate at least one beam that moves along the surface to heat the particulate to a melting point, said imaging device comprising:
a camera comprising:
a sensor;
a casing defining an aperture for light to travel through and strike said sensor;
a trigger configured to receive a signal relating to an operating characteristic of the focused energy source and to control the travel of light through the aperture based on the signal such that said camera generates a time exposure image of the particulate during operation of the focused energy source; and
a shutter positionable between an open position that allows light to travel through the aperture and a closed position that inhibits light traveling through the aperture, said trigger configured to maintain said shutter in the open position for a period of time longer than one minute based on a build time of a component formed by the additive manufacturing system, wherein said trigger is configured to position said shutter in the open position at the commencement of a layer build and position said shutter in a closed position at the completion of the layer build.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The imaging device in accordance with claim 15 further comprising a processor for processing the time exposure image, said processor configured to detect light intensity in the time exposure image.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The imaging device in accordance with claim 15 further comprising a filter for filtering light traveling through said aperture, said filter configured to inhibit overexposure of said sensor to light during operation of the focused energy source.