# US 10,500,228 B1 · Nanoparticles, methods for producing nanoparticles and nanoparticle generators

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 10,500,228 B1
- Document ID: US10500228B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 15/497,604
- Filed: 2017-04-26
- Granted: 2019-12-10
- Earliest claimed: 2016-04-26
- Assignees: Battelle Memorial Institute
- Applicants: Battelle Memorial Institute
- Inventors: Jay W. Grate; Nigel D. Browning; Patricia Abellan
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10500228B1

## CPC

- A61K 33/244: Lanthanides; Compounds thereof (medicinal preparations containing radioactive lanthanides for use in therapy or testing in vivo A61K51/00)
- A61K 9/1611: {Inorganic compounds}
- A61K 9/1682: {Processes}
- B01J 16/00: Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with non- particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor (B01J19/08 takes precedence)
- B01J 19/06: Solidifying liquids (making microcapsules B01J13/02)
- B01J 19/081: {employing particle radiation or gamma-radiation}
- B01J 19/085: {Electron beams only}
- C01F 17/235: Cerium oxides or hydroxides
- A61K 9/5115: {Inorganic compounds}
- B01J 2208/00761: Discharging
- B01J 2219/0877: Liquid
- B01J 2219/089: Liquid-solid
- B01J 2219/1203: Incoherent waves
- C01P 2004/04: obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
- C01P 2004/51: Particles with a specific particle size distribution
- C01P 2004/64: Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
- A61K: PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES (devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms A61J3/00; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for deodorisation of air, for disinfection or sterilisation, or for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; soap compositions C11D)
- B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- C01F: COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS (metal hydrides {monoborane, diborane or addition complexes thereof} C01B6/00; salts of oxyacids of halogens C01B11/00; peroxides, salts of peroxyacids C01B15/00; sulfides or polysulfides of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium C01B17/42; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C01B17/64; compounds containing selenium or tellurium C01B19/00; binary compounds of nitrogen with metals C01B21/06; azides C01B21/08; {compounds other than ammonia or cyanogen containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals C01B21/082; amides or imides of silicon C01B21/087}; metal {imides or} amides C01B21/092, {C01B21/0923}; nitrites C01B21/50; {compounds of noble gases C01B23/0005}; phosphides C01B25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C01B25/16; carbides C01B32/90; compounds containing silicon C01B33/00; compounds containing boron C01B35/00; compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties C01B37/00; compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, C01B39/00; cyanides C01C3/08; salts of cyanic acid C01C3/14; salts of cyanamide C01C3/16; thiocyanates C01C3/20; {double sulfates of magnesium with sodium or potassium C01D5/12; with other alkali metals C01D15/00, C01D17/00})
- C01P: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

## Abstract

Compositions are provided that can include nanoscale particles including metal cations such as cerium having an average particle size of less than 10 nm. The nanoscale particles can include cerium and oxygen. Methods for forming nanoparticles are provided. The methods can include exposing a metal cation within a solution to radiation to form metal nanoparticles that can include metal cations. The methods can include exposing a cerium salt solution to radiation to form the nanoparticles. The methods can include exposing solvated metal cations to radiation to precipitate nanoparticles that include metal cations such as Ce. The methods can include exposing the homogeneous solution to radiation to precipitate nanoparticles. The methods can include: providing an aqueous solution comprising metal cations; and increasing the pH of the aqueous solution with radiation to form nanoparticles that include metal cations. Nanoparticle generators are provided. The generators can include: a reactant reservoir comprising a metal cation in solution; a fluid cell in fluid communication with the reactant reservoir; a radiation source operatively aligned with the fluid cell; and a product reservoir in fluid communication with the fluid cell.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for forming nanoparticles, the method comprising: exposing a cerium salt solution to an electron beam to form cerium nanoparticles having a particle size between 1 and 4 nm.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the cerium salt comprises Ce Ill.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the cerium salt is present in the solution in an amount of at least 0.1 mM.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the cerium salt solution has a pH below 7.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the cerium salt solution comprises nitrate.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the cerium within the cerium salt solution has the same valence state as the cerium comprised by the nanoparticle.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 further comprising raising the pH of the solution upon formation of the nanoparticle.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the electron beam is 80.5 pA.