# US 10,499,819 B2 · Breath selection for analysis

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- Number: US 10,499,819 B2
- Document ID: US10499819B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/150,625
- Filed: 2014-01-08
- Published: 2014-07-10
- Granted: 2019-12-10
- Earliest claimed: 2013-01-08
- Assignees: Capnia, Inc.
- Applicants: Capnia, Inc.
- Inventors: Anthony D. Wondka; Anish Bhatnagar; Scott J. Gilbert
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10499819B2

## CPC

- A61B 5/02055: {Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular condition and temperature}
- A61B 5/082: {Evaluation by breath analysis, e.g. determination of the chemical composition of exhaled breath (A61B5/083, A61B5/091 take precedence)}
- A61B 5/7221: {Determining signal validity, reliability or quality (preventing, reducing or removing noise induced by motion artefacts A61B5/7207; noise originating from a therapeutic or surgical apparatus A61B5/7217)}
- A61B 5/7275: {Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor}
- G16H 10/40: for data related to laboratory analysis, e.g. patient specimen analysis
- G16H 40/63: for local operation
- G16H 50/20: for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
- A61B 5/01: Measuring temperature of body parts {; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue} (clinical contact thermometers G01K13/20)
- A61B 5/0816: {Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency (measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00)}
- A61B 5/087: Measuring breath flow
- A61B 5/091: Measuring volume of inspired or expired gases, e.g. to determine lung capacity
- A61B 5/7203: {for noise prevention, reduction or removal}
- A61B 5/7285: {for synchronizing or triggering a physiological measurement or image acquisition with a physiological event or waveform, e.g. an ECG signal}
- A61B 2560/0223: of calibration, e.g. protocols for calibrating sensors
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA

## Abstract

Methods and systems are described to obtain and analyze a gas sample from a desired section of the breath of a person, while accounting for erratic, episodic or otherwise challenging breathing patterns that may otherwise make the capturing of a gas sample from the desired section of breath difficult. These techniques may provide more reliable, accurate and adequate samples of gas such as end-tidal gas, and ultimately an accurate analysis of the sample captured.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus for analyzing an exhaled breath, comprising:
a sensor;
a breath sampling system;
a gas analyzer; and
a control system comprising a processor that operates the sensor, the breath sampling system, and the gas analyzer using a plurality of algorithms,
wherein the sensor measures a first parameter of a first exhaled breath to determine a threshold criteria according to a first algorithm run by the processor, the sensor also measuring a second parameter of a next exhaled breath,
wherein the breath sampling system captures the next exhaled breath according to a second algorithm run by the processor when the second parameter meets the threshold criteria, or initiates capture of an alternative breath according to a third algorithm when the threshold criteria are not met, and
wherein the gas analyzer
applies a gas sampling and analysis algorithm to the captured next exhaled breath, and applies a correction factor to the gas sampling and analysis algorithm for the captured alternative breath.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a physiologic sensor that monitors a physiological parameter of a patient, wherein the breath sampling system captures the next exhaled breath when a fourth algorithm determines the physiological parameter meets a predetermined physiological criteria.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the physiologic parameter comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a blood pressure, a heart rate, chest impedance, a weight, a height, an age, a race, a sex, a diagnosis, a respiratory rate, a tidal volume, a minute volume, an inspiratory:expiratory ratio, a blood gas, a cardiac output, an end tidal CO2 concentration, a pulmonary perfusion, a base excess, an O2 saturation, and a ventilation:perfusion ratio.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined criteria comprises a minimum duration.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined criteria comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: a peak amplitude value, a baseline value, a time duration above the peak amplitude value, a time duration below the baseline value, and a percent comparison of a current breath to a trending algorithm.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined criteria comprises an amplitude value and a baseline value representing a complete tidal volume breath.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined criteria comprises a breath rate of less than or equal to 60 breaths per minute.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the threshold criteria are based on at least one selected from the group consisting of an expiratory time, a portion of an expiratory time, an airway pressure, a CO2 value over time, an O2 value over time, an airway temperature, a breath flow rate, a breath rate, a depth of breath, a duration of breath, an inspiratory time, a pre-end-tidal time, an end-tidal time, a post-expiratory time, an inspiratory pause, a peak inspiratory pressure, a peak expiratory pressure, a characteristic waveform for sneeze, cough, stacked breath or non-full breath, an inspiratory amplitude, an expiratory amplitude, and a historical breath criteria.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined criteria is based upon at least one selected from the group consisting of a breath hold, a deep breath, a forced exhaled breath, an inspiratory pause, an expiratory pause, a resting respiration, and a breath pattern repetition.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined criteria is based upon a predetermined number of repetitive breaths.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the number of repetitive breaths is between 1 and 5 breaths.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the number of repetitive breaths is between 2 and 4 breaths.