# US 10,484,788 B1 · Acoustic transducer with passive diaphragm spatially integrated with active diaphragm > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,484,788 B1 - Document ID: US10484788B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 16/146,067 - Filed: 2018-09-28 - Granted: 2019-11-19 - Earliest claimed: 2018-09-28 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Aneesh R. Kudekar - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10484788B1 ## CPC - H04R 1/2834: {for loudspeaker transducers} - H04R 1/02: Casings; Cabinets {; Supports therefor;} Mountings therein (H04R1/28 takes precedence {; attachments for microphones H04R1/08; mounting of transducers in earpieces H04R1/1075}) - H04R 1/24: Structural combinations of separate transducers or of two parts of the same transducer and responsive respectively to two or more frequency ranges - H04R 7/20: Securing diaphragm or cone resiliently to support by flexible material, springs, cords, or strands - H04R 9/06: Loudspeakers - H04R 7/122: {comprising a plurality of sections or layers} - H04R 2499/11: Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's - H04R: LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS (producing sounds with frequency not determined by supply frequency G10K) ## Abstract An acoustic transducer includes a passive diaphragm and an active diaphragm. The active diaphragm electromechanically couples to an electric drive element and the passive diaphragm is configured to acoustically couple with pressure changes induced by excursions of the active diaphragm. The active diaphragm has an outer perimeter and an inner perimeter, with the X-Y (horizontal) points on the outer perimeter of the passive diaphragm coinciding on or within X-Y points on at least the outer perimeter of the active diaphragm over a common, orthogonal Z coordinate so that the passive diaphragm projects a shape that falls on or within an area of the active diaphragm. In some cases, the inner perimeter of the active diaphragm may define a bounded area for the active diaphragm, the passive diaphragm having an outer perimeter that axially, superimpositionally coincides on or within the inner perimeter of the bounded area. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An acoustic transducer, comprising: a chassis; an active diaphragm electromechanically coupled to an electric drive element and suspended from the chassis such that the active diaphragm can reciprocate along an axis of excursion; a passive diaphragm suspended from the chassis independently of the active diaphragm such that the passive diaphragm is configured to acoustically couple with pressure changes induced by excursions of the active diaphragm; and an inner suspension member and an outer suspension member; wherein the active diaphragm defines an outer perimeter and an inner perimeter, and the passive diaphragm defines an outer perimeter, wherein a projection of at least a portion of the outer perimeter of the passive diaphragm on a plane oriented orthogonally relative to the axis of excursion coincides with or is positioned within at least a region of a projection of the outer perimeter of the active diaphragm on the plane, wherein the inner suspension member couples the inner perimeter of the active diaphragm with the chassis and the outer suspension member couples the outer perimeter of the active diaphragm with the chassis. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The acoustic diaphragm of claim 1 wherein the inner perimeter of the active diaphragm defines a bounded area for the active diaphragm, wherein the passive diaphragm has an outer perimeter that axially, superimpositionally coincides on or within the inner perimeter of the bounded area. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The acoustic transducer of claim 2 wherein the bounded area is a fully bounded area defined by an aperture in the active diaphragm. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The acoustic transducer of claim 1 wherein the passive diaphragm is co-planar with the active diaphragm. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The acoustic transducer of claim 1 wherein the passive diaphragm is offset from the active diaphragm along the axis of excursion. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The acoustic transducer of claim 1 wherein the passive diaphragm is downwardly axially offset from the active diaphragm by not more than the peak-to-peak excursion of the passive diaphragm or the zero-to-peak excursion of the passive diaphragm during intended use. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The acoustic transducer of claim 1 wherein the passive diaphragm is configured to acoustically couple with the active diaphragm over a frequency range of about 100 Hz to about 400 Hz. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein the electric drive element comprises a voice coil coupled with the active diaphragm, such that the active diaphragm and the coil are movable in correspondence with each other. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The acoustic transducer according to claim 8, wherein the electric drive element comprises a magnet so positioned adjacent the voice coil as to cause a magnetic field of the magnet to interact with a magnetic flux corresponding to an electrical current through the voice coil. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The acoustic transducer according to claim 9, wherein the magnet comprises an inner magnet and an outer magnet, wherein the voice coil is positioned between the inner magnet and the outer magnet and configured to move pistonically to and fro between a distal-most position and a proximal-most position relative to the inner magnet. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The acoustic transducer according to claim 10 wherein the inner magnet defines an opening and the passive diaphragm is disposed over the opening. ### Claim 12 An acoustic-transducer module, comprising: an acoustic transducer, comprising an active diaphragm electromechanically coupled to an electric drive element, and a passive diaphragm electromechanically independent of the electric drive element, the passive diaphragm configured to be driven through reciprocating excursions by pressure changes induced by movement of the active diaphragm; the active diaphragm having an outer perimeter and an inner perimeter, the inner perimeter defining an aperture in the active diaphragm, wherein the passive diaphragm has an outer perimeter that, at least in part, axially, superimpostionally coincides on or within the outer perimeter of the active diaphragm; a first chassis region and a second chassis region; and an inner suspension member movably coupling the inner perimeter of the active diaphragm with the first chassis region and an outer suspension member movably coupling the outer perimeter of the active diaphragm with the second chassis region. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The acoustic transducer of claim 12 wherein the outer perimeter of the passive diaphragm axially, superimpostionally coincides on or within the inner perimeter of the active diaphragm. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The acoustic transducer of claim 12 wherein the passive diaphragm is configured to acoustically couple with the active diaphragm within a frequency range of about 100 Hz to about 400 Hz. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The acoustic transducer module of claim 12 wherein the passive diaphragm is axially offset from the active diaphragm and the ratio of area for the active diaphragm to area for the passive diaphragm is from 0.5 to 2. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The acoustic transducer module of claim 12 wherein the active diaphragm has a ring-like configuration and the outer perimeter of the passive diaphragm is disposed adjacent the inner perimeter of the active diaphragm. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The acoustic module of claim 12 further comprising a housing defining a sealed acoustic enclosure, wherein air within the enclosure acoustically couples the passive diaphragm with the active diaphragm such that pressure changes in the enclosure induced by movement of the active diaphragm drives the passive diaphragm through corresponding excursions. ### Claim 18 A method of making an acoustic-transducer, comprising: providing an active diaphragm electromechanically coupled to an electric drive element and suspended from a chassis such that the active diaphragm can reciprocate along an axis of excursion, wherein the chassis defines a first chassis region and a second chassis region; providing a passive diaphragm independent of the electrodynamic driver, the passive diaphragm configured to acoustically couple with the active diaphragm through pressure changes induced by reciprocation of the active diaphragm; wherein the active diaphragm has an outer perimeter and an inner perimeter, and the passive diaphragm has an outer perimeter, wherein a projection of the outer perimeter of the passive diaphragm on a plane transverse to the axis of excursion is positioned on or within a projection of the outer perimeter of the active diaphragm on the plane; with a first suspension member, suspending the inner perimeter of the active diaphragm from the first chassis region; and with a second suspension member, suspending the outer perimeter of the active diaphragm from the second chassis region. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18 wherein the inner perimeter of the active diaphragm defines a bounded area for the active diaphragm, the passive diaphragm having an outer perimeter that axially, superimpositionally coincides on or within the inner perimeter of the bounded area. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19 wherein the bounded area is a fully bounded area comprising an aperture in the active diaphragm.