# US 10,484,218 B2 · PWM demodulation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,484,218 B2 - Document ID: US10484218B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/904,139 - Filed: 2018-02-23 - Published: 2019-08-29 - Granted: 2019-11-19 - Earliest claimed: 2018-02-23 - Assignees: Invecas, Inc. - Applicants: Invecas, Inc. - Inventors: Siva Kumar Rapina; Saravana Kumar Durairaj - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10484218B2 ## CPC - H04L 27/1566: {using synchronous sampling} - H03K 5/003: Changing the DC level (reinsertion of DC component of a television signal H04N5/16) - H03K 9/08: of duration- or width-mudulated pulses {or of duty-cycle modulated pulses} - H04L 25/4902: {Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation} - H04W 4/33: for indoor environments, e.g. buildings - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M) - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract A receiver for demodulating a pulse width modulated (“PWM”) signal, comprises: a voltage level shifter for shifting the PWM signal to predefined transistor voltage levels; a half-rate PWM decoder for receiving the shifted PWM signal; and a 2-bit-to-N-bit deserializer. The half-rate PWM decoder comprises a first decoder core, a second decoder core, a controller, and a sampler and retiming circuit. The first decoder core and the second decoder core are configured to decode alternating periods of the shifted PWM signal. The controller is coupled to the first decoder core, the second decoder core, the sampler and retiming circuit. The retiming circuit is configured to receive clock signals from the controller and to output half-rate even data from the first decoder core and half-rate odd data from the second decoder core. Outputs of the retiming circuit and an output of the controller are coupled to inputs of the deserializer. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A receiver for demodulating a pulse width modulated (“PWM”) signal, comprising: a voltage level shifter for shifting the PWM signal to predefined transistor voltage levels; a half-rate PWM decoder for receiving the shifted PWM signal, wherein the half-rate PWM decoder comprises a first decoder core, a second decoder core, a controller, and a sampler and retiming circuit, wherein the first decoder core and the second decoder core are configured to decode alternating periods of the shifted PWM signal; and a 2-bit-to-N-bit deserializer, wherein the controller is coupled to the first decoder core, the second decoder core, the sampler and retiming circuit, wherein the retiming circuit is configured to receive clock signals from the controller and to output half-rate even data from the first decoder core and half-rate odd data from the second decoder core, and wherein outputs of the retiming circuit for the half-rate even data and for the half-rate odd data and an output of the controller for a half-rate clock signal are coupled to inputs of the deserializer for parallel output of N bits. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The receiver of claim 1 wherein the deserializer is a 2-bit-to-10-bit serial-to-parallel converter for outputting 10 bits that represent a PWM symbol. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The receiver of claim 1 wherein the shifted PWM signal is a differential signal, wherein the controller is a flip-flop, wherein a clock input of the flip-flop is coupled to one of the pairs of the differential signal, wherein a data input of the flip-flop is coupled to a negated data output of the flip-flop for generating a negated clock signal, and wherein the flip-flop is configured to generate a clock signal as an output. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The receiver of claim 3 wherein the first decoder core is configured to decode an even path for the PWM signal and wherein the second decoder core is configured to decode an odd path for the PWM signal, wherein the second decoder core is configured to be reset by the clock signal, and wherein the first decoder core is configured to be reset by the negated clock signal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The receiver of claim 1 wherein the first decoder core comprises a first integrator for charging for an entire period of the shifted PWM signal, a second integrator for charging for a positive portion of the shifted PWM signal, and a comparator for comparing an output of the first integrator with an output of the second integrator. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The receiver of claim 5 wherein the shifted PWM signal is a differential signal having a positive signal and negative signal, wherein the first integrator comprises: a first current source; a second current source; a first switch; a second switch; a third switch; and a first capacitor, wherein the first current source and the first switch are serially connected across a supply voltage and a first node, wherein the first switch is configured to be operated by the negative signal, wherein the second current source and the second switch are serially connected across the supply voltage and the first node, wherein the second switch is configured to be operated by the positive signal, wherein the first capacitor and the third switch are connected in parallel across the first node and ground, wherein the first node is coupled to the comparator for sensing of a voltage VREF at the first node, and wherein the third switch is configured to be operated by one of a plurality of clock signals generated by the controller for resetting the first integrator. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The receiver of claim 6, wherein the second integrator comprises: a third current source, a fourth switch, a second capacitor, and a fifth switch, wherein the third current source and the fourth switch are serially connected across the supply voltage and a second node, wherein the second capacitor and the fifth switch are connected in parallel across the second node and ground, wherein the second node is coupled to the comparator for sensing of a voltage VPWM at the second node, and wherein the fifth switch is configured to be operated by a second one of the plurality of clock signals generated by the controller for resetting the second integrator. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The receiver of claim 7, wherein the first current source, second current source, and third current source each is configured to generate a current IPWM, wherein the second capacitor has a capacitance C, and wherein the first capacitor has double the capacitance C. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The receiver of claim 7, wherein third current source is configured to generate a current IPWM, wherein the first current source and the second current source are each configured to generate half of the current IPWM, and wherein the first capacitor and the second capacitor each has a capacitance C. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The receiver of claim 7, wherein the receiver further comprises a voltage-to-current converter, wherein the comparator is a current comparator, wherein the first node and the second node are coupled to the voltage-to-current converter for converting the voltages VREF and VPWM to representative currents, wherein outputs of the voltage-to-current converter is coupled to the current comparator for comparing the converted representative currents. ### Claim 11 (depends on 5) The receiver of claim 5, wherein the shifted PWM signal is a differential signal having a positive signal and negative signal, wherein the first integrator comprises: a first current source; a second current source; a first switch; a second switch; a third switch; and a first capacitor, wherein the first current source is configured to be biased by a bias voltage Vbias via the first switch, wherein the first switch is configured to be operated by the negative signal, wherein the second current source is biased by the bias voltage Vbias via the second switch, wherein second switch is configured to be operated by the positive signal, wherein the first capacitor and the third switch are connected in parallel across a first node and ground, wherein the first and second current sources are coupled to the first node for driving a current to the first capacitor, wherein the first node is coupled to the comparator for sensing of a voltage VREF at the first node, and wherein the third switch is configured to be operated by one of a plurality of clock signals generated by the controller for resetting the first integrator. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The receiver of claim 11, wherein the second integrator comprises: a third current source, a fourth switch, a second capacitor, and a fifth switch, wherein the third current source is biased by the bias voltage Vbias via the fourth switch, wherein the second capacitor and the fifth switch are connected in parallel across a second node and ground, wherein the third current source is coupled to the second node for driving a current to the second capacitor, wherein the second node is coupled to the comparator for sensing of a voltage VPWM at the second node, and wherein the fifth switch is configured to be operated by a second one of the plurality of clock signals generated by the controller for resetting the second integrator. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The receiver of claim 12, wherein the first current source, second current source, and third current source each is configured to generate a current IPWM, wherein the second capacitor has a capacitance C, and wherein the first capacitor has double the capacitance C. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The receiver of claim 12, wherein third current source is configured to generate a current IPWM, wherein the first current source and the second current source are each configured to generate half of the current IPWM, and wherein the first capacitor and the second capacitor each has a capacitance C. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The receiver of claim 12, wherein the receiver further comprises a voltage-to-current converter, wherein the comparator is a current comparator, wherein the first node and the second node are coupled to the voltage-to-current converter for converting the voltages VREF and VPWM to representative currents, wherein outputs of the voltage-to-current converter is coupled to the current comparator for comparing the converted representative currents. ### Claim 16 A method for demodulating a pulse width modulated (“PWM”) signal comprising the steps of: shifting voltage levels of the PWM signal to predefined transistor voltage levels; decoding the PWM signal using half-rate decoder cores into half-rate even data and half-rate odd data, wherein the half-rate decoder cores decode alternating periods of the shifted PWM signal; sampling and retiming of the decoded half-rate even data and the decoded half-rate odd data for parallel output; outputting the sampled half-rate even data and the sampled half-rate odd data in parallel using a half-rate clock signal; and converting the outputted half-rate even data and the outputted half-rate odd data for parallel output by a 2-bit-to-N-bit deserializer. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16 wherein the PWM signal is a differential signal, wherein a flip-flop is clocked by one of the pairs of the differential signal to generate a clock signal and a negated clock signal, wherein the negated clock signal is generated by a negated data output of the flip-flop that is coupled to a data input of the flip-flop, and wherein the clock signal is generated by a data output of the flip-flop. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17 wherein the clock signal is used as a discharging signal for the decoder core used for decoding the half-rate odd data and the negated clock signal is used as a discharging signal for the decoder core used for decoding the half-rate even data. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16 wherein, in the decoding the PWM signal using the half-rate decoder cores, further comprising the sub-steps for each of the decoder cores: generating a voltage VREF by integrating over a full period of the PWM signal; generating a voltage VPWM by integrating over a positive portion of the PWM signal; comparing the voltage VREF and the voltage VPWM with a comparator; and determining a PWM logic level for the full period of the PWM signal based on the comparison of the voltage VREF and the voltage VPWM. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19 wherein, in the comparing the voltage VREF and the voltage VPWM sub-step, further comprising the steps of: converting the voltage VREF and the voltage VPWM into respective current values; and comparing the respective current values using a current comparator.