# US 10,484,149 B2 · Uplink control information transmission method and apparatus

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- Number: US 10,484,149 B2
- Document ID: US10484149B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/892,602
- Filed: 2018-02-09
- Published: 2018-06-14
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2015-08-10
- Assignees: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Lei Guan; Yongxia Lyu; Jiehua Xiao
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10484149B2

## CPC

- H04L 1/1887: {Scheduling and prioritising arrangements}
- H04L 1/1829: Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
- H04L 1/1854: {Scheduling and prioritising arrangements}
- H04L 1/1864: {ARQ related signaling (H04L1/1607 takes precedence)}
- H04L 1/1896: {ARQ related signaling}
- H04L 5/0055: {Physical resource allocation for ACK/NACK (for physical mapping arrangements in ARQ protocols H04L1/1861)}
- H04W 72/21: in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

A terminal receives downlink scheduling information of a downlink subframe F(i,j), where a set M of preconfigured downlink subframes in which the downlink subframe F(i,j) is located is divided into N subsets of preconfigured downlink subframes, a bit quantity of a hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for each downlink subframe in one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes is a predetermined value, and bit quantities of HARQ-ACKs that need to be fed back for any downlink subframes in different subsets of preconfigured downlink subframes are different. The terminal generates a HARQ-ACK codebook according to a receiving status of downlink data. And the terminal generates uplink control information after encoding the HARQ-ACK codebook; and a sending module sends the uplink control information.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus, comprising:
a storage medium including executable instructions; and
a processor;
wherein the executable instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to:
receive downlink scheduling information of a downlink subframe F(i,j), wherein the downlink subframe F(i,j) is in a set M of preconfigured downlink subframes corresponding to an uplink subframe, wherein F(i,j) represents the downlink subframe j on a carrier i configured for the terminal, i∈C, C is a set of all carriers configured for the terminal for downlink data reception, j∈K, and K is a set of downlink subframes corresponding to the uplink subframe, the set M of preconfigured downlink subframes is divided into N subsets of preconfigured downlink subframes, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, a bit quantity of a hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) that needs to be fed back for each downlink subframe in a same subset of preconfigured downlink subframes is a predetermined value, and bit quantities of HARQ-ACKs that need to be fed back for any downlink subframes in different subsets of preconfigured downlink subframes are different; and
receive, in the downlink subframe F(i,j), downlink data scheduled by the downlink scheduling information;
generate a HARQ-ACK codebook according to a receiving status of the downlink data in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of a HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), wherein the HARQ-ACK codebook comprises at least one sub-codebook, the at least one sub-codebook is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes, the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes is at least one of the N subsets of preconfigured downlink subframes, and the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes is a subset comprising the downlink subframe in which the terminal receives the downlink data scheduled by the downlink scheduling information;
generate uplink control information by encoding the HARQ-ACK codebook; and
send the uplink control information in the uplink subframe.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sub-codebook comprises a HARQ-ACK for a scheduled downlink subframe in a subset of preconfigured downlink subframes corresponding to the sub-codebook, but does not comprise a HARQ-ACK for an unscheduled downlink subframe in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes corresponding to the sub-codebook.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the executable instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the apparatus to:
before generating the HARQ-ACK codebook, receive first indication information corresponding to a downlink subframe F(i,j) comprised in each of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate a sequence number, according to a setting sequence, of the downlink subframe F(i,j) in scheduled downlink subframes in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j),
wherein generating the at least one sub-codebook in the following manner:
generating, for one of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes according to the sequence number indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the executable instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the apparatus to:
before generating the HARQ-ACK codebook, receive second indication information corresponding to each of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate:
a total quantity of scheduled downlink subframes that are in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j) and whose subframe numbers are j; or
a total quantity of a scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and a downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j, wherein the scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and the downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j are in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); or
a total quantity of scheduled downlink subframes in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); or
a total quantity of transport blocks transmitted in a scheduled downlink subframe that is in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j) and whose subframe number is j; or
a total quantity of transport blocks transmitted in a scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and a downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j, wherein the scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and the downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j are in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); or
a total quantity of transport blocks transmitted in a scheduled downlink subframe in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); and
the processing module is specifically configured to:
generate, for one of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes according to the second indication information and the sequence number that is indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the executable instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the apparatus to:
before the processing module generates the HARQ-ACK codebook, receive second indication information corresponding to a downlink subframe F(i,j) comprised in each of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes; wherein
in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j), values of the second indication information corresponding to the last one, last but one, . . . , last but X−2, and last but X−1 of scheduled downlink subframes sorted according to the setting sequence are respectively AX−1, AX−2, . . . , A1, and A0, values of the second indication information corresponding to other downlink subframes are respectively A0, the other downlink subframes are downlink subframes, other than the last one, last but one, . . . , last but X−2, and last but X−1 of the sorted scheduled downlink subframes, in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j), and AX−1, AX−2, . . . , A1, and A0are different values; or
in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j), values of the second indication information corresponding to scheduled downlink subframes, sorted according to a reversed sequence of the setting sequence, in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes are respectively cyclic values of {AX−1, AX−2, . . . , A1, A0}; or
in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j), values of the second indication information corresponding to the last one, last but one, . . . , last but X−2, and last but X−1of scheduled downlink subframes that are sorted according to the setting sequence and whose subframe numbers are j are respectively AX−1, AX−2, . . . , A1, and A0, values of the second indication information corresponding to other downlink subframes whose sequence numbers are j are respectively A0, the other downlink subframes whose sequence numbers are j are downlink subframes, other than the last one, last but one, . . . , last but X−2, and last but X−1 of the sorted scheduled downlink subframes whose subframe numbers are j, in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j), and AxX−1, AX−2, . . ., A1, and A0 are different values; or
values of the second indication information corresponding to scheduled downlink subframes that are sorted according to a reversed sequence of the setting sequence in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes and whose subframe numbers are j are respectively cyclic values of {AX−1, AX−2, . . . , A1, A0}; wherein
X is a positive integer greater than 1; and
the processing module is specifically configured to:
generate, for one of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes according to the second indication information and the sequence number that is indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes.

### Claim 6 (depends on 3)

The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the setting sequence comprises:
a sequence between a carrier and a subframe, a carrier sequence, and a subframe sequence; wherein
the sequence between a carrier and a subframe comprises: carriers before subframes, or subframes before carriers;
the carrier sequence comprises: ascending order of carrier indexes, or descending order of carrier indexes; and
the subframe sequence comprises: ascending order of subframe moments, or descending order of subframe moments.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one sub-codebook is cascaded in the HARQ-ACK codebook.

### Claim 8

A method, comprising:
receiving downlink scheduling information of a downlink subframe F(i,j), wherein the downlink subframe F(i,j) is in a set M of preconfigured downlink subframes corresponding to an uplink subframe, wherein F(i,j) represents the downlink subframe j on a carrier i configured for a terminal, i∈C, C is a set of all carriers configured for the terminal for downlink data reception, j∈K, and K is a set of downlink subframes corresponding to the uplink subframe, the set M of preconfigured downlink subframes is divided into N subsets of preconfigured downlink subframe, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, a bit quantity of a hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) that needs to be fed back for each downlink subframe in a same subset of preconfigured downlink subframes is a predetermined value, and bit quantities of HARQ-ACKs that need to be fed back for any downlink subframes in different subsets of preconfigured downlink subframes are different;
receiving, in the downlink subframe F(i,j), downlink data scheduled by the downlink scheduling information;
generating a HARQ-ACK codebook according to a receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of a HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), wherein the HARQ-ACK codebook comprises at least one sub-codebook, the at least one sub-codebook is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes, the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes is at least one of the N subsets of preconfigured downlink subframes, and the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes is a subset comprising the downlink subframe in which the terminal receives the downlink data scheduled by the downlink scheduling information;
generating uplink control information by encoding the HARQ-ACK codebook; and
sending the uplink control information in the uplink subframe.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method according to claim 8, wherein the sub-codebook comprises a HARQ-ACK for a scheduled downlink subframe in a subset of preconfigured downlink subframes corresponding to the sub-codebook, but does not comprise a HARQ-ACK for an unscheduled downlink subframe in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes corresponding to the sub-codebook.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method according to claim 9, wherein:
before the generating a HARQ-ACK codebook, the method further comprises:
receiving first indication information corresponding to a downlink subframe F(i,j) comprised in each of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate a sequence number, according to a setting sequence, of the downlink subframe F(i,j) in scheduled downlink subframes in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); and
the at least one sub-codebook is generated in the following manner:
generating, for one of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes according to the sequence number indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein:
before the generating a HARQ-ACK codebook, the method further comprises:
receiving second indication information corresponding to each of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate:
a total quantity of scheduled downlink subframes that are in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j) and whose subframe numbers are j; or
a total quantity of a scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and a downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j, wherein the scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and the downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j are in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); or
a total quantity of scheduled downlink subframes in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); or
a total quantity of transport blocks transmitted in a scheduled downlink subframe that is in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j) and whose subframe number is j; or
a total quantity of transport blocks transmitted in a scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and a downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j, wherein the scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and the downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j are in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); or
a total quantity of transport blocks transmitted in a scheduled downlink subframe in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); and
the generating, according to the sequence number indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprises:
generating, for one of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes according to the second indication information and the sequence number that is indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein:
before the generating a HARQ-ACK codebook, the method further comprises:
receiving second indication information corresponding to a downlink subframe F(i,j) comprised in each of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes; wherein
in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j), values of the second indication information corresponding to the last one, last but one, . . . , last but X−2, and last but X−1 of scheduled downlink subframes sorted according to the setting sequence are respectively AX−1, AX−2, . . . , A1, and A0, values of the second indication information corresponding to other downlink subframes are respectively A0, the other downlink subframes are downlink subframes, other than the last one, last but one, . . . , last but X-2, and last but X−1 of the sorted scheduled downlink subframes, in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j), and AX−1, AX−2, . . . , A1, and A0 are different values; or
in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j), values of the second indication information corresponding to scheduled downlink subframes, sorted according to a reversed sequence of the setting sequence, in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes are respectively cyclic values of {AX−1, AX−2, . . . , A1, A0}; or
in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j), values of the second indication information corresponding to the last one, last but one, . . . , last but X−2, and last but X−1 of scheduled downlink subframes that are sorted according to the setting sequence and whose subframe numbers are j are respectively AX−1, AX−2, . . . , A1, and A0, values of the second indication information corresponding to other downlink subframes whose sequence numbers are j are respectively A0, the other downlink subframes whose sequence numbers are j are downlink subframes, other than the last one, last but one, . . . , last but X−2, and last but X−1 of the sorted scheduled downlink subframes whose subframe numbers are j, in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j), and AX−1, AX−2, . . . , A1, and A0 are different values; or
values of the second indication information corresponding to scheduled downlink subframes that are sorted according to a reversed sequence of the setting sequence in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes and whose subframe numbers are j are respectively cyclic values of {AX−1, AX−2, . . ., A1, A0}; wherein
X is a positive integer greater than 1; and
the generating, according to the sequence number indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the any subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprises:
generating, for one of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes according to the second indication information and the sequence number that is indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein the setting sequence comprises:
a sequence between a carrier and a subframe, a carrier sequence, and a subframe sequence; wherein
the sequence between a carrier and a subframe comprises: carriers before subframes, or subframes before carriers;
the carrier sequence comprises: ascending order of carrier indexes, or descending order of carrier indexes; and
the subframe sequence comprises: ascending order of subframe moments, or descending order of subframe moments.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The method according to claim 8, wherein the at least one sub-codebook is cascaded in the HARQ-ACK codebook.

### Claim 15

A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of:
receiving downlink scheduling information of a downlink subframe F(i,j), wherein the downlink subframe F(i,j) is in a set M of preconfigured downlink subframes corresponding to an uplink subframe, wherein F(i,j) represents the downlink subframe j on a carrier i configured for a terminal, i∈C, C is a set of all carriers configured for the terminal for downlink data reception, j∈K, and K is a set of downlink subframes corresponding to the uplink subframe, the set M of preconfigured downlink subframes is divided into N subsets of preconfigured downlink subframe, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, a bit quantity of a hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) that needs to be fed back for each downlink subframe in a same subset of preconfigured downlink subframes is a predetermined value, and bit quantities of HARQ-ACKs that need to be fed back for any downlink subframes in different subsets of preconfigured downlink subframes are different;
receiving, in the downlink subframe F(i,j), downlink data scheduled by the downlink scheduling information;
generating a HARQ-ACK codebook according to a receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of a HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), wherein the HARQ-ACK codebook comprises at least one sub-codebook, the at least one sub-codebook is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes, the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes is at least one of the N subsets of preconfigured downlink subframes, and the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes is a subset comprising the downlink subframe in which the terminal receives the downlink data scheduled by the downlink scheduling information;
generating uplink control information by encoding the HARQ-ACK codebook; and
sending the uplink control information in the uplink subframe.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein the sub-codebook comprises a HARQ-ACK for a scheduled downlink subframe in a subset of preconfigured downlink subframes corresponding to the sub-codebook, but does not comprise a HARQ-ACK for an unscheduled downlink subframe in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes corresponding to the sub-codebook.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 16, comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, further cause the computer to carry out the steps of:
receiving first indication information corresponding to a downlink subframe F(i,j) comprised in each of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate a sequence number, according to a setting sequence, of the downlink subframe F(i,j) in scheduled downlink subframes in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); and
the at least one sub-codebook is generated in the following manner:
generating, for one of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes according to the sequence number indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 17, comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, further cause the computer to carry out the steps of:
before the generating a HARQ-ACK codebook, the method further comprises:
receiving second indication information corresponding to each of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate:
a total quantity of scheduled downlink subframes that are in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j) and whose subframe numbers are j; or
a total quantity of a scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and a downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j, wherein the scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and the downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j are in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); or
a total quantity of scheduled downlink subframes in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); or
a total quantity of transport blocks transmitted in a scheduled downlink subframe that is in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j) and whose subframe number is j; or
a total quantity of transport blocks transmitted in a scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and a downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j, wherein the scheduled downlink subframe whose subframe number is j and the downlink subframe before the downlink subframe whose subframe number is j are in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); or
a total quantity of transport blocks transmitted in a scheduled downlink subframe in the subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprising the downlink subframe F(i,j); and
the generating, according to the sequence number indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes comprises:
generating, for one of the at least one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes according to the second indication information and the sequence number that is indicated by the first indication information and according to the receiving status of the downlink data received in the downlink subframe F(i,j) and the bit quantity of the HARQ-ACK that needs to be fed back for the downlink subframe F(i,j), a sub-codebook corresponding to the one subset of preconfigured downlink subframes.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 18, wherein a sequence between a carrier and a subframe, a carrier sequence, and a subframe sequence; wherein
the sequence between a carrier and a subframe comprises: carriers before subframes, or subframes before carriers;
the carrier sequence comprises: ascending order of carrier indexes, or descending order of carrier indexes; and
the subframe sequence comprises: ascending order of subframe moments, or descending order of subframe moments.

### Claim 20 (depends on 15)

The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein the at least one sub-codebook is cascaded in the HARQ-ACK codebook.
