# US 10,484,119 B2 · Open real-time ethernet protocol

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- Number: US 10,484,119 B2
- Document ID: US10484119B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/712,888
- Filed: 2017-09-22
- Published: 2018-03-29
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2016-09-23
- Assignees: Texas Instruments Incorporated
- Applicants: Texas Instruments Incorporated
- Inventors: Thomas Anton Leyrer; Thomas Mauer
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10484119B2

## CPC

- H04J 3/0655: {using timestamps}
- H04J 3/0661: {using timestamps}
- H04L 12/403: with centralised control, e.g. polling
- H04L 12/64: Hybrid switching systems
- H04L 49/9023: for implementing a jitter-buffer
- H04L 69/16: Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
- H04L 47/626: {channel conditions}
- H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

A real-time Ethernet (RTE) protocol includes start-up frames originated by a master device for network initialization including a preamble, destination address (DA), source address (SA), a type field, and a status field including state information that indicates a current protocol state that the Ethernet network is in for the slave devices to translate for dynamically switching to one of a plurality of provided frame forwarding modes. The start-up frames include device Discovery frames at power up, Parameterization frames that distribute network parameters, and Time Synchronization frames including the master's time and unique assigned communication time slots for each slave device. After the initialization at least one data exchange frame is transmitted exclusive of SA and DA including a preamble that comprises a header that differentiates between master and slave, a type field, a status field excluding the current protocol state, and a data payload.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A real-time Ethernet (RTE) device, comprising:
a transceiver;
a real-time clock;
a processor coupled to said real-time clock and to said transceiver having an associated memory which stores code for implementing start-up frames for network initialization including a preamble, destination address (DA), source address (SA), a type field which includes a frame type selected from a plurality of said frame types, and a status field including state information that indicates a current protocol state that an Ethernet network is in selected from a plurality of said protocol states for a plurality of slave devices to translate for dynamically switching to one of a list of different frame forwarding modes, said start-up frames including device Discovery frames at power up, Parameterization frames that distribute network parameters including an Inter frame Gap (IFG), and Time Synchronization frames including timing information of said master device time (TM) and unique assigned communication time slots for each of said slave devices; and
for transmission after said network initialization, at least one data exchange frame exclusive of said SA and said DA that comprises a header that differentiates between said master and said slave devices, said type field, a status field excluding said current protocol state, and a data payload.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The RTE device of claim 1, wherein said frame forwarding modes include auto-forward (AF), cut-through (CT), loop back (LB), and time triggered send (TTS) for minimizing latency and jitter in said Ethernet network.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The RTE device of claim 1, wherein said data exchange frame includes a frame checksum (FCS) field.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The RTE device of claim 1, further including error detection implemented using a sideband signal of a media-independent interface (MII) intermediate frequency (IF) block provided on said master device and said slave devices, wherein said data exchange frame excludes a frame checksum (FCS) field.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The RTE device of claim 1, wherein said RTE protocol is an open protocol enabling user modification in a plurality of a size of said Ethernet network, in error handling, in payload size, and in diagnostic data.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The RTE device of claim 1, wherein said data exchange frame includes a multicast frame that provides an update for said TM for said slave devices to adjust their local time to be equal to said TM.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The RTE device of claim 1, wherein said slave devices number up to 4, and wherein a cycle time for said RTE protocol is ≤4 μsec.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The RTE device of claim 1, wherein said Discovery frame implements automatic detection and enumeration of each of said slave devices.

### Claim 9

A method of Ethernet communications in an Ethernet network, comprising:
a master device transmitting start-up frames for network initialization including a preamble, destination address (DA), source address (SA), a type field which includes a frame type selected from a plurality of said frame types, and a status field including state information that indicates a current protocol state that said Ethernet network is in selected from a plurality of said protocol states, said start-up frames including device Discovery frames at power up, parameterization frames that distribute network parameters including an Inter frame Gap (IFG), and Time Synchronization frames including timing information of said master device (TM) and unique assigned communication time slots for each of a plurality of slave devices;
after said network initialization, said master device transmitting at least one data exchange frame exclusive of said SA and said DA that comprises a header that differentiates between said master device and said slave devices, said type field, a status field excluding said current protocol state, and a data payload.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising during said network initialization said slave devices translating said current protocol state and then dynamically switching to one of a stored list of different frame forwarding modes.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein said slave devices include a state machine, said state machine for said translating said current protocol state.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein said time slots are used during said data exchange frames to detect an address of its Ethernet frame source and its destination.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein said frame forwarding modes include auto-forward (AF), cut-through (CT), loop back (LB), and time triggered send (TS) for minimizing latency and jitter in said Ethernet network.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising error detection, wherein said error detection is implement using a sideband signal of a media-independent interface (MII) intermediate frequency (IF) block provided on said master device and said slave devices, wherein said data exchange frame excludes a frame checksum (FCS) field.

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein said at least one data exchange frame includes a multicast frame that provides an update for said TM for said slave devices to adjust their local time to be equal to said TM.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising providing an algorithm or hardware including digital logic for implementing said algorithm for executing said method as said master device or as said slave device, and a configuration block coupled to a processor configured for selecting between said master device and said slave device;
using said configuration block for selecting said slave device, and
said slave device during said network initialization translating said current protocol state and then dynamically switching to one of a stored list of different frame forwarding modes.

### Claim 17

A real-time Ethernet (RTE) device, comprising:
a transceiver;
a real-time clock;
a processor coupled to said real-time clock and to said transceiver having an associated memory which stores code for implementing real-time Ethernet (RTE) network communications in an Ethernet network including a master device and a plurality of slave devices connected by an Ethernet connection, and an algorithm or hardware including digital logic for implementing said algorithm for executing a method of Ethernet communications as said master device, said method comprising:
transmitting start-up frames for network initialization including a preamble, destination address (DA), source address (SA), a type field which includes a frame type selected from a plurality of said frame types, and a status field including state information that indicates a current protocol state that said Ethernet network is in selected from a plurality of said protocol states, said start-up frames including device Discovery frames at power up, Parameterization frames that distribute network parameters including an Inter frame Gap (IFG), and Time Synchronization frames including timing information of said master device (TM) and unique assigned communication time slots for each of said slave devices;
after said network initialization, transmitting at least one data exchange frame exclusive of said SA and said DA that comprises a header that differentiates between said master device and said slave devices, said type field, a status field excluding said current protocol state, and a data payload.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The RTE device of claim 17, further comprising a state machine for said translating said current protocol state to said one of a list of different frame forwarding modes.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The RTE device of claim 17, wherein said frame forwarding modes include auto-forward (AF), cut-through (CT), loop back (LB), and time triggered send (TTS) for minimizing latency and jitter in said Ethernet network.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The RTE device of claim 17, wherein said transceiver further comprises at least one independent interface (MII) intermediate frequency (IF) block configured for error detection using a sideband signal of said MII IF block, wherein said data exchange frame excludes a frame checksum (FCS) field.

### Claim 21 (depends on 17)

The RTE device of claim 17, wherein said at least one data exchange frame includes a multicast frame that provides an update for said TM for said slave devices to adjust their local time to be equal to said TM.

### Claim 22 (depends on 17)

The RTE device of claim 17, wherein said Discovery frame implements automatic detection and enumeration of each of said slave devices.

### Claim 23 (depends on 17)

The RTE device of claim 17, wherein said algorithm is for executing said method as said master device or as said slave device, further comprising a configuration block coupled to said processor configured for selecting between said master device and said slave device, and wherein said slave devices are for during said network initialization translating said current protocol state and then dynamically switching to one of a stored list of different frame forwarding modes.

### Claim 24

A real-time Ethernet (RTE) device, comprising:
a transceiver;
a real-time clock;
a processor coupled to said real-time clock and to said transceiver having an associated memory which stores code for implementing real-time Ethernet (RTE) network communications including a configuration block coupled to said processor configured for selecting between a master device or a slave device, and an algorithm or hardware including digital logic for implementing said algorithm for executing a method of Ethernet communications in an Ethernet network including said master device and a plurality of said slave devices connected by an Ethernet connection as said master device or as said slave device, said method comprising:
said master device for transmitting start-up frames for network initialization including a preamble, destination address (DA), source address (SA), a type field which includes a frame type selected from a plurality of said frame types, and a status field including state information that indicates a current protocol state that said Ethernet network is in selected from a plurality of said protocol states, said start-up frames including device Discovery frames at power up, Parameterization frames that distribute network parameters including an Inter frame Gap (IFG), and Time Synchronization frames including timing information of said master device (TM) and unique assigned communication time slots for each of said slave devices;
said slave devices for translating said current protocol state and then dynamically switching to one of a stored list of different frame forwarding modes;
after said network initialization, transmitting at least one data exchange frame exclusive of said SA and said DA that comprises a header that differentiates between said master device and said slave devices, said type field, a status field excluding said current protocol state, and a data payload.

### Claim 25

A real-time Ethernet (RTE) device, comprising:
a transceiver,
a real-time clock;
a processor coupled to said real-time clock and to said transceiver having an associated memory which stores code for implementing start-up frames originated by the apparatus for network initialization including a preamble, destination address (DA), source address (SA), a type field which includes a frame type selected from a plurality of said frame types, and a status field including state information that indicates a current protocol state that an Ethernet network is in selected from a plurality of said protocol states for a plurality of slave devices to translate for dynamically switching to one of a list of different frame forwarding modes, said start-up frames including device Discovery frames at power up, Parameterization frames that distribute network parameters including an Inter frame Gap (IFG), and Time Synchronization frames including timing information of said master device (TM) and unique assigned communication time slots for each of said slave devices; and
for transmission after said network initialization, at least one data exchange frame exclusive of said SA and said DA that comprises a header that differentiates between said master and said slave devices, said type field, a status field excluding said current protocol state, and a data payload.

### Claim 26

A method of Ethernet communications in an Ethernet network, comprising:
a master device transmitting start-up frames for network initialization including a preamble, destination address (DA), source address (SA), a type field which includes a frame type selected from a plurality of said frame types, and a status field including state information that indicates a current protocol state that said Ethernet network is in selected from a plurality of said protocol states, said start-up frames including device Discovery frames at power up, parameterization frames that distribute network parameters including an Inter frame Gap (IFG), and Time Synchronization frames including timing information of said master device (TM) and unique assigned communication time slots for each of a plurality of slave devices;
after said network initialization, said master device transmitting at least one data exchange frame that comprises a header that differentiates between said master device and said slave devices, said type field, a status field excluding said current protocol state, and a data payload.

### Claim 27

A real-time Ethernet (RTE) device, comprising:
a transceiver,
a real-time clock;
a processor coupled to said real-time clock and to said transceiver having an associated memory which stores code for implementing real-time Ethernet (RTE) network communications in an Ethernet network including a master device and a plurality of slave devices connected by an Ethernet connection, and an algorithm or hardware including digital logic for implementing said algorithm for executing a method of Ethernet communications as said master device, said method comprising:
transmitting start-up frames for network initialization including a preamble, destination address (DA), source address (SA), a type field which includes a frame type selected from a plurality of said frame types, and a status field including state information that indicates a current protocol state that said Ethernet network is in selected from a plurality of said protocol states, said start-up frames including device Discovery frames at power up, Parameterization frames that distribute network parameters including an Inter frame Gap (IFG), and Time Synchronization frames including timing information of said master device (TM) and unique assigned communication time slots for each of said slave devices;
after said network initialization, transmitting at least one data exchange frame that comprises a header that differentiates between said master device and said slave devices, said type field, a status field excluding said current protocol state, and a data payload.

### Claim 28

A real-time Ethernet (RTE) device, comprising:
a transceiver;
a real-time clock;
a processor coupled to said real-time clock and to said transceiver having an associated memory which stores code for implementing real-time Ethernet (RTE) network communications including a configuration block coupled to said processor configured for selecting between a master device or a slave device, and an algorithm or hardware including digital logic for implementing said algorithm for executing a method of Ethernet communications in an Ethernet network including said master device and a plurality of said slave devices connected by an Ethernet connection as said master device or as said slave device, said method comprising:
said master device for transmitting start-up frames for network initialization including a preamble, destination address (DA), source address (SA), a type field which includes a frame type selected from a plurality of said frame types, and a status field including state information that indicates a current protocol state that said Ethernet network is in selected from a plurality of said protocol states, said start-up frames including device Discovery frames at power up, Parameterization frames that distribute network parameters including an Inter frame Gap (IFG), and Time Synchronization frames including timing information of said master device (TM) and unique assigned communication time slots for each of said slave devices;
said slave devices for translating said current protocol state and then dynamically switching to one of a stored list of different frame forwarding modes;
after said network initialization, transmitting at least one data exchange frame that comprises a header that differentiates between said master device and said slave devices, said type field, a status field excluding said current protocol state, and a data payload.