# US 10,484,093 B2 · Optical interposer for array antennas > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,484,093 B2 - Document ID: US10484093B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/878,060 - Filed: 2018-01-23 - Published: 2019-07-25 - Granted: 2019-11-19 - Earliest claimed: 2018-01-23 - Assignees: Precision Optical Transceivers Inc. - Applicants: Precision Optical Transceivers Inc. - Inventors: David M. Calhoun; Barrett Bartell - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10484093B2 ## CPC - H04B 10/2575: Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier - H01Q 3/2676: {Optically controlled phased array} - H01Q 21/0006: {Particular feeding systems} - H04B 10/25891: {Transmission components (H04B10/40 takes precedence)} - H01Q 21/065: {Patch antenna array} - H04B 2210/006: Devices for generating or processing an RF signal by optical means - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) ## Abstract Feeding a plurality of antenna elements of an array antenna, involves receiving at a photonic substrate at least one transmit modulated optical carrier (TMOC) signal. The TMOC signal is communicated to an array level photonic integrated circuit (ALPIC) disposed on the photonic substrate where one or more optical processing operations are performed involving the TMOC signal to obtain a plurality of element-level optical carrier (ELOC) signals. These ELOC signals are communicated from the ALPIC to a plurality of conversion locations distributed on the photonic substrate. Photodetectors respectively provided at the conversion locations convert each of the ELOC signals to an element-level modulated radio frequency (ELMRF) signal. The ELMRF signal are coupled from each photodetector respectively to one of the plurality of antenna elements. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for feeding a plurality of antenna elements of an array antenna, comprising: receiving at a photonic substrate at least one transmit modulated optical carrier (TMOC) signal; communicating the TMOC signal to an array level photonic integrated circuit (ALPIC) disposed on the photonic substrate; using the ALPIC to extract a plurality of transmit element-level optical carrier (ELOC) signals from the TMOC; using a plurality of optical waveguides to optically distribute the plurality of transmit ELOC signals from the ALPIC to a plurality of conversion locations distributed on the photonic substrate; using photodetectors respectively provided at each of the plurality of conversion locations to convert each of the transmit ELOC signals to a transmit element-level modulated radio frequency (ELMRF) signal; coupling the transmit ELMRF signal from each photodetector respectively to one of the plurality of antenna elements; performing at least one antenna control operation in the optical domain to selectively cause a variation in at least one of a phase and an amplitude in at least one of the plurality of transmit ELMRF signals; and communicating at least one antenna control signal for specifying the antenna beam control operation from a remote location to a local control element using a common optical fiber through which the TMOC signal is also communicated. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, further comprising coordinating the plurality of conversion locations so that each photodetector is disposed proximate to one of the plurality of antenna elements to which the transmit ELMRF signal generated in the photodetector is coupled. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, further comprising coupling the transmit ELMRF from each photodetector respectively to one of the plurality of antenna elements disposed in or on the photonic substrate. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical waveguides optically distribute the plurality of transmit ELOC signals through a thickness of the optical substrate, from the ALPIC disposed proximate to a first major surface of the photonic substrate, to the conversion locations disposed proximate to a second major surface of the photonic substrate and opposed from the first major surface. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on or adjacent to the second major surface of the photonic substrate. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, wherein the optical waveguides optically distribute the plurality of transmit ELOC signals from the ALPIC disposed proximate to a first major surface of the photonic substrate, to the conversion locations disposed on or adjacent to the first major surface. ### Claim 7 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, wherein the coupling step further comprises using a radio frequency (RF) waveguide to communicate the transmit ELMRF signals through a thickness of the photonic substrate, from the conversion locations to an opposing major surface of the photonic substrate. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein an optical modulator is provided at each of the conversion locations, and the further comprising communicating from the plurality of antenna elements respectively to the plurality of optical modulators a plurality of receive ELMRF signals; using the plurality of optical modulators to convert the plurality of receive ELMRF signals to a plurality of receive ELOC signals; and performing at least one optical processing operation on the plurality of receive ELOC signals. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8, further comprising performing at least one operation to facilitate antenna beam formation by selectively varying at least one of a phase and an amplitude of at least one of the receive ELMRF signals. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8, wherein the at least one optical processing operation performed on the plurality of receive ELOC signals comprises at least one antenna beam forming operation to selectively cause a variation in at least one of a phase and an amplitude in at least one of the ELMRF signals which has been modulated onto the receive ELOC signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8, wherein the at least one optical processing operation comprises an optical combining operation whereby the plurality of receive ELMRF signals are combined to form a composite receive modulated optical carrier (RMOC) signal. ### Claim 12 A method for feeding a plurality of antenna elements of an array antenna, comprising: receiving at a photonic substrate at least one transmit modulated optical carrier (TMOC) signal; communicating the TMOC signal to an array level photonic integrated circuit (ALPIC) disposed on the photonic substrate; using the ALPIC to extract a plurality of transmit element-level optical carrier (ELOC) signals from the TMOC; using a plurality of optical waveguides to optically distribute the plurality of transmit ELOC signals from the ALPIC to a plurality of conversion locations distributed on the photonic substrate; using photodetectors respectively provided at each of the plurality of conversion locations to convert each of the transmit ELOC signals to a transmit element-level modulated radio frequency (ELMRF) signal; and coupling the transmit ELMRF from each photodetector respectively to one of the plurality of antenna elements disposed on an RF substrate disposed adjacent to the photonic substrate, and formed of a different substrate material as compared to the photonic substrate. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method according to claim 12, further comprising arranging the photonic substrate and the RF substrate so that they are included among a plurality of substrate layers which define a stack. ### Claim 14 An optical interposer for a plurality of antenna elements of an array antenna, comprising: a photonic substrate on which is disposed: an optical interface configured to facilitate an optical communication link with a remote optical signal source through an optical fiber; an array level photonic integrated circuit (ALPIC) which is optically coupled to the optical interface, the ALPIC configured to extract a plurality of transmit element-level optical carrier (ELOC) signals from a transmit modulated optical carrier (TMOC) signal received at the optical interface; a plurality of photodetectors disposed at a plurality of conversion locations distributed on the photonic substrate; a plurality of element-level optical waveguides configured to optically distribute the plurality of transmit ELOC signals from the ALPIC to the plurality of photodetectors; the plurality of photodetectors configured to convert each of the transmit ELOC signals to a transmit element-level modulated radio frequency (ELMRF) signal, and a plurality of RF couplings are provided to communicate the transmit ELMRF signals respectively from the plurality of photodetectors to the plurality of antenna elements; and wherein the optical interface is configured to receive at least one antenna control signal communicated through the optical fiber from the remote optical signal source, and one or more optical control elements responsive to the antenna control signal are configured to perform in the optical domain at least one antenna beam control operation comprising a selective variation in at least one of a phase and an amplitude in at least one of the plurality of transmit ELMRF signals. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The optical interposer according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of conversion locations are distributed on said photonic substrate so that each photodetector is disposed proximate to one of the plurality of antenna elements to which the transmit ELMRF signal from the photodetector is coupled. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The optical interposer according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed in or on the photonic substrate. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The optical interposer according to claim 15, wherein the element-level optical waveguides extend from the ALPIC disposed proximate to a first major surface of the photonic substrate, to the conversion locations disposed on or adjacent to the first major surface. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The optical interposer according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of RF couplings comprise radio frequency (RF) waveguides which extend through a thickness of the photonic substrate, from the conversion locations to an opposing major surface of the photonic substrate. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) The optical interposer according to claim 14, further comprising an optical modulator provided at each of the conversion locations, configured to convert a plurality of receive ELMRF signals to a plurality of receive ELOC signals; a plurality of receive optical waveguides disposed on the substrate configured to couple each of the receive ELOC signals to the ALPIC; and wherein the ALPIC is configured to perform at least one optical processing operation on the plurality of receive ELOC signals. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The optical interposer according to claim 19, further comprising at least one of a phase and a gain control element configured to facilitate antenna receive beam formation by selectively varying at least one of a phase and an amplitude of at least one of the receive ELMRF signals. ### Claim 21 (depends on 19) The optical interposer according to claim 19, wherein the optical processing operation performed on the plurality of receive ELOC signals comprises at least one antenna beam forming operation in the optical domain to selectively cause a variation in at least one of a phase and an amplitude in at least one of the receive ELMRF signals which has been modulated onto a receive ELOC signal. ### Claim 22 (depends on 19) The optical interposer according to claim 19, wherein the ALPIC comprises at least one optical combiner and the optical processing operation performed on the plurality of receive ELOC signals comprises an optical combining operation whereby the plurality of receive ELMRF signals are combined to form a composite receive modulated optical carrier (RMOC) signal. ### Claim 23 (depends on 14) The optical interposer according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of element-level optical waveguides are integrated with the photonic substrate. ### Claim 24 (depends on 14) The optical interposer according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of element-level optical waveguides are comprised of optical fibers secured to the photonic substrate. ### Claim 25 An optical interposer for a plurality of antenna elements of an array antenna, comprising: a photonic substrate on which is disposed: an optical interface configured to facilitate an optical communication link with a remote optical signal source; an array level photonic integrated circuit (ALPIC) which is optically coupled to the optical interface, the ALPIC configured to extract a plurality of transmit element-level optical carrier (ELOC) signals from a transmit modulated optical carrier (TMOC) signal received at the optical interface; a plurality of photodetectors disposed at a plurality of conversion locations distributed on the photonic substrate; a plurality of element-level optical waveguides configured to optically distribute the plurality of transmit ELOC signals from the ALPIC to the plurality of photodetectors; the plurality of photodetectors configured to convert each of the transmit ELOC signals to a transmit element-level modulated radio frequency (ELMRF) signal, and a plurality of RF couplings are provided to communicate the transmit ELMRF signals respectively from the plurality of photodetectors to the plurality of antenna elements; and wherein the plurality of antenna elements are provided on an RF substrate disposed adjacent to the photonic substrate, and formed of a different substrate material as compared to the photonic substrate. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The optical interposer according to claim 25, wherein the photonic substrate and the RF substrate are included among a plurality of substrate layers which define a stack. ### Claim 27 An optical interposer for a plurality of antenna elements of an array antenna, comprising: a photonic substrate on which is disposed: an optical interface configured to facilitate an optical communication link with a remote optical signal source; an array level photonic integrated circuit (ALPIC) which is optically coupled to the optical interface, the ALPIC configured to extract a plurality of transmit element-level optical carrier (ELOC) signals from a transmit modulated optical carrier (TMOC) signal received at the optical interface; a plurality of photodetectors disposed at a plurality of conversion locations distributed on the photonic substrate; a plurality of element-level optical waveguides configured to optically distribute the plurality of transmit ELOC signals from the ALPIC to the plurality of photodetectors; the plurality of photodetectors configured to convert each of the transmit ELOC signals to a transmit element-level modulated radio frequency (ELMRF) signal, and a plurality of RF couplings are provided to communicate the transmit ELMRF signals respectively from the plurality of photodetectors to the plurality of antenna elements; and wherein the plurality of element-level optical waveguides extend through a thickness of the optical substrate, from the ALPIC disposed proximate to a first major surface of the photonic substrate, to the conversion locations disposed proximate to a second major surface of the photonic substrate and opposed from the first major surface. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The optical interposer according to claim 27, wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on or adjacent to the second major surface of the photonic substrate. ### Claim 29 An optical interposer for a plurality of antenna elements of an array antenna, comprising: a photonic substrate on which is disposed: a plurality of optical modulators disposed at a plurality of conversion locations distributed on the photonic substrate, each optical modulator configured to convert a receive element-level modulated radio frequency (ELMRF) signal to a receive element-level optical carrier (ELOC) signal; a plurality of RF couplings provided to communicate the receive ELMRF signals respectively from a plurality of antenna elements to the plurality of optical modulators; a plurality of element-level optical waveguides respectively configured to optically communicate the plurality of receive element-level optical carrier (ELOC) signals from the plurality of optical modulators to an array-level photonic integrated circuit (ALPIC), the ALPIC configured to perform at least one optical processing operation on the plurality of receive ELOC signals; an optical combiner configured to combine the plurality of receive ELOC signals to form a receive modulated optical carrier (RMOC) signal; and an optical interface configured to communicate the RMOC signal to a remote optical signal receiver through an optical fiber; wherein the optical interface is configured to receive at least one antenna control signal communicated through the optical fiber from a remote antenna control unit, and one or more optical control elements on the photonic substrate are responsive to the antenna control signal, the optical control elements configured to perform in the optical domain at least one antenna beam control operation responsive to the at least one antenna control signal, and wherein the at least one antenna beam control operation comprises a selective variation in at least one of a phase and an amplitude of at least one of the plurality of receive ELMRF signals. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The optical interposer according to claim 29, wherein the plurality of conversion locations are distributed on said photonic substrate so that each of the optical modulators is disposed proximate to one of the plurality of antenna elements from which it receives the receive ELMRF signal. ### Claim 31 A method for beamforming with an array antenna comprised of a plurality of antenna elements, comprising: coupling a receive element-level modulated radio frequency (ELMRF) signal from each of a plurality of antenna elements to each of a plurality of optical modulators respectively disposed at a plurality of conversion locations on a photonic substrate; using the plurality of optical modulators to respectively convert each of the receive ELMRF signals to a corresponding receive element-level optical carrier (ELOC) signal; using a plurality of optical waveguides disposed on the photonic substrate to optically communicate the plurality of receive ELOC signals from the plurality of optical modulators to an array-level photonic integrated circuit (ALPIC) disposed on the photonic substrate; using the ALPIC to perform one or more optical processing operations involving the plurality of receive ELOC signals; performing at least one antenna beam control operation in the optical domain to selectively cause a variation in at least one of a phase and an amplitude in at least one of the plurality of receive ELMRF signals; and communicating at least one antenna control signal for specifying the antenna beam control operation from a remote location to a local control element on the photonic substrate using a common optical fiber through which the TMOC signal is also communicated. ### Claim 32 A method for feeding a plurality of antenna elements of an array antenna, comprising: receiving at a photonic substrate at least one transmit modulated optical carrier (TMOC) signal; communicating the TMOC signal to an array level photonic integrated circuit (ALPIC) disposed on the photonic substrate; using the ALPIC to extract a plurality of transmit element-level optical carrier (ELOC) signals from the TMOC; using a plurality of optical waveguides to optically distribute the plurality of transmit ELOC signals from the ALPIC to a plurality of conversion locations distributed on the photonic substrate; using photodetectors respectively provided at each of the plurality of conversion locations to convert each of the transmit ELOC signals to a transmit element-level modulated radio frequency (ELMRF) signal; coupling the transmit ELMRF signal from each photodetector respectively to one of the plurality of antenna elements; performing at least one antenna control operation to selectively cause a variation in at least one of a phase and an amplitude in at least one of the plurality of transmit ELMRF signals; and communicating at least one antenna control signal for specifying the antenna beam control operation from a remote location to a local control element using a common optical fiber through which the TMOC signal is also communicated.