# US 10,484,081 B1 · Ground terminals via remote digital-beam-forming networks for satellites in non-geostationary orbit

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- Number: US 10,484,081 B1
- Document ID: US10484081B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 15/866,457
- Filed: 2018-01-09
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2015-10-29
- Assignees: Spatial Digital Systems, Inc.
- Applicants: Spatial Digital Systems, Inc.
- Inventors: Donald C. D. Chang; Juo-Yu Lee; Steve K. Chen
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10484081B1

## CPC

- H04B 7/18517: {Transmission equipment in earth stations}
- H04B 7/0452: Multi-user MIMO systems
- H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming}
- H04B 7/2041: {Spot beam multiple access}
- H04B 10/2575: Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
- H04B 10/25754: {Star network topology}
- H04L 27/265: {Fourier transform demodulators, e.g. fast Fourier transform [FFT] or discrete Fourier transform [DFT] demodulators (H04L27/26524 takes precedence)}
- H04N 7/20: Adaptations for transmission via a GHz frequency band, e.g. via satellite
- H04W 52/42: in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

A receiving terminal for communication via NGSO satellites comprises an outdoor unit coupled to an indoor unit via optical fibers. The outdoor unit comprises an array antenna for capturing signals from the satellites; low-noise amplifiers; analog-to-digital conversion blocks for converting the captured signals to digital signals; a pre-processor for performing a wavefront multiplexing transform on the digital signals and generating wavefront multiplexed signals; and RF-to-optical drivers for transforming the wavefront multiplexed signals to optical waveforms. The indoor unit comprises optical-to-RF converters for optical demodulating the optical waveforms to recover the wavefront multiplexed signals; a post-processor for performing a wavefront demultiplexing transform on the wavefront multiplexed signals to recover the digital signals, the wavefront demultiplexing transform being an inverse of the wavefront multiplexing transform; a remote digital beam-forming network for generating receive beam signals from the recovered digital signals; and RF demodulators for generating data streams from the receive beam signals.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A receiving terminal for communication via satellites having non-geostationary orbits, the receiving terminal comprising:
an outdoor unit comprising:
an array antenna having a plurality of receiving elements for capturing signal streams from the satellites;
low noise amplifiers for amplifying the captured signal streams;
analog-to-digital conversion blocks for converting the amplified signal streams to digital signal streams;
a pre-processor coupled to the analog-to-digital conversion blocks for performing a wavefront multiplexing transform on the digital signal streams, and generating wavefront multiplexed signal streams; and
an optical line terminal coupled to the pre-processor, comprising RF-to optical drivers for performing optical modulating functions on the wavefront multiplexed signal streams to generate optical waveform streams; and
optical fibers for coupling the optical line terminal to an indoor unit,
wherein each of the wavefront multiplexed signal streams is a unique weighting vector as a linear combination of the digital signal streams.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The receiving terminal of claim 1 wherein the indoor unit comprises:
an optical network unit comprising optical-to-RF converters for receiving and optical demodulating the optical waveform streams to recover the wavefront multiplexed signal streams;
a post-processor for performing a wavefront demultiplexing transform on the recovered wavefront multiplexed signal streams to recover the digital signal streams, the wavefront demultiplexing transform being an inverse of the wavefront multiplexing transform;
a remote digital beam-forming network coupled to the post-processor for receiving the recovered digital signal streams and generating corresponding receive beam signals; and
a bank of RF demodulators coupled to the remote digital beam-forming network for demodulating the receive beam signals and generating corresponding data streams.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The receiving terminal of claim 2, wherein the remote digital beam-forming network is configured to form dynamic beams with orthogonal beam patterns for tracking and communicating with the satellites.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The receiving terminal of claim 2, wherein the indoor unit further comprises:
a set of adaptive equalizers coupled to the post-processor for equalizing the recovered wavefront multiplexed signal streams; and
an optimization loop unit for controlling the set of adaptive equalizers.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The receiving terminal of claim 2, wherein optical communications between the optical line terminal and the optical network unit through the optical fibers are via a Passive Optical Network standard or a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) standard.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The receiving terminal of claim 2, wherein the remote digital beam-forming network is configured to form multiple diagnostic beams to continuously probe identities of the satellites and where the satellites are moving to within a field-of-view of the receiving terminal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The receiving terminal of claim 1, wherein the outdoor unit is located on the roof of a mobile platform having a cabin, and wherein the indoor unit is located inside the cabin.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The receiving terminal of claim 1, wherein the outdoor unit is located on premises of a home, and wherein the indoor unit is located inside of a set-top-box (STB) placed in the home.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The receiving terminal of claim 1, wherein the wavefront multiplexing transform comprises one of a Hadamard transform matrix, a Fourier transform matrix, an N-to-N orthogonal matrix where N is an integer greater than 1, or an N-to-N full-rank matrix where N is an integer greater than 1.

### Claim 10

A transmitting terminal for communication via satellites having non-geostationary orbits, the transmitting terminal comprising:
an indoor unit comprising:
a bank of RF modulators for modulating signal streams;
a remote digital beam-forming network for receiving the modulated signal streams and generating transmit beam signals;
a pre-processor for performing a wavefront multiplexing transform on the transmit beam signals to generate wavefront multiplexed beam signals; and
RF-to-optical drivers for performing optical modulating functions on the wavefront multiplexed beam signals to generate optical waveform streams; and
optical fibers for coupling the RF-to-optical drivers to an outdoor unit,
wherein each of the wavefront multiplexed beam signals is a unique weighting vector as a linear combination of the transmit beam signals.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The transmitting terminal of claim 10, wherein the remote digital beam-forming network is configured to form dynamic beams with orthogonal beam patterns for tracking and communicating with the satellites within a field of view of the transmitting terminal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The transmitting terminal of claim 10, wherein the indoor unit further comprises:
a set of adaptive equalizers coupled to the pre-processor for pre-distortion compensation; and
an optimization loop unit for controlling the set of adaptive equalizers.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The transmitting terminal of claim 10, wherein optical communications between the indoor unit and the outdoor unit through the optical fibers are via a Passive Optical Network standard or a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) standard.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The transmitting terminal of claim 10, wherein the wavefront multiplexing transform comprises one of a Hadamard transform matrix, a Fourier transform matrix, an N-to-N orthogonal matrix where N is an integer greater than 1, or an N-to-N full-rank matrix where N is an integer greater than 1.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The transmitting terminal of claim 10 wherein the outdoor unit comprises:
optical-to-RF converters for receiving and optical demodulating the optical waveform streams to recover the wavefront multiplexed beam signals;
a post-processor for performing a wavefront demultiplexing transform on the recovered wavefront multiplexed beam signals to recover the transmit beam signals, the wavefront demultiplexing transform being an inverse of the wavefront multiplexing transform;
power amplifiers for amplifying the recovered transmit beam signals; and
an array antenna having a plurality of radiating elements for radiating the amplified transmit beam signals toward the satellites.