# US 10,483,869 B1 · Power conversion circuit having inrush current limiting resistor bypass > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,483,869 B1 - Document ID: US10483869B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 16/035,069 - Filed: 2018-07-13 - Granted: 2019-11-19 - Earliest claimed: 2018-07-13 - Assignees: STMicroelectronics S.r.l. - Applicants: Stmicroelectronics Ltd - Inventors: Laurent Gonthier; Kimi Lu; Jack Wang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10483869B1 ## CPC - H02M 1/36: Means for starting or stopping converters - H02H 9/001: {limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off (progressive control of electronic switches for eliminating interferences H03K17/16)} - H02M 1/32: Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection - H02M 1/4225: {using a non-isolated boost converter} - H02M 3/01: {Resonant DC/DC converters} - H02M 3/33571: {Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer} - H02M 7/06: using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode - H02M 7/062: {Avoiding or suppressing excessive transient voltages or currents} - H02M 7/1623: {with control circuit} - G05F 1/573: with overcurrent detector - H02M 7/125: {Avoiding or suppressing excessive transient voltages or currents} - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H02H: EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS (indicating or signalling undesired working conditions G01R, e.g. G01R31/00, G08B; locating faults along lines G01R31/08; emergency protective devices H01H) - G05F: SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES ## Abstract Embodiments are directed to power conversion circuits including a bypass circuit for bypassing an inrush current limiting resistor. In one embodiment, a power conversion circuit is provided that includes a bridge rectifier, a current limiting resistor, a controllable current switching device, and a driver. The current limiting resistor has a first terminal coupled to an output terminal of the bridge rectifier and a second terminal coupled to an electrical ground. The controllable current switching device has conduction terminals coupled in parallel with respect to the current limiting resistor. The driver is coupled between the first terminal of the current limiting resistor and a control terminal of the current switching device, and the driver controls an operation of the current switching device based on a current through the current limiting resistor. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A power conversion circuit, comprising: a bridge rectifier, including: first and second input terminals configured to receive an AC voltage, and first and second output terminals configured to output a rectified voltage; a current limiting resistor having a first terminal coupled to the second output terminal of the bridge rectifier and a second terminal coupled to an electrical ground; a controllable current switching device having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, the first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the current limiting resistor, and the second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the current limiting resistor; and a driver coupled between the first terminal of the current limiting resistor and the third terminal of the current switching device, the driver configured to selectively couple the third terminal of the current switching device to a negative power supply based on a current through the current limiting resistor. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The power conversion circuit of claim 1 wherein the controllable current switching device comprises at least one of: a silicon controlled rectifier and a TRIAC. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The power conversion circuit of claim 2 wherein the controllable current switching device is a TRIAC configured to operate in quadrant 3. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The power conversion circuit of claim 1 further comprising a capacitor coupled between the first and second output terminals of the bridge rectifier. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The power conversion circuit of claim 4 further comprising a second capacitor having a first electrode coupled to the first output terminal of the bridge rectifier and a second electrode coupled to the second terminal of the current limiting resistor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The power conversion circuit of claim 1 further comprising a capacitor having a first electrode coupled to the first output terminal of the bridge rectifier and a second electrode coupled to the second terminal of the current limiting resistor. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The power conversion circuit of claim 1 wherein the current limiting resistor is a negative temperature coefficient resistor. ### Claim 8 A power conversion circuit, comprising: a bridge rectifier, including: first and second input terminals configured to receive an AC voltage, and first and second output terminals configured to output a rectified voltage; a current limiting resistor having a first terminal coupled to the second output terminal of the bridge rectifier and a second terminal coupled to an electrical ground; a controllable current switching device having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, the first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the current limiting resistor, and the second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the current limiting resistor; and a driver coupled between the first terminal of the current limiting resistor and the third terminal of the current switching device, the driver configured to control an operation of the current switching device based on a current through the current limiting resistor, wherein the driver includes: a comparator having a first input terminal coupled to the first terminal of the current limiting resistor and a second input terminal coupled to a reference voltage, the comparator configured to turn on the current switching device in response to a voltage at the first input terminal being greater in magnitude than the reference voltage. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The power conversion circuit of claim 8 wherein the driver is configured to turn on the current switching device by coupling the third terminal of the current switching device to a negative power supply in response to the voltage at the first input terminal being greater than the reference voltage as soon as the negative supply is powered. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The power conversion circuit of claim 8, further comprising: a power factor correction circuit; and a converter including a transformer, the converter coupled to the power factor correction circuit, the power factor correction circuit electrically coupled between the converter and the bridge rectifier, the converter including: a primary winding coupled to the power factor correction circuit; a secondary winding having a first terminal; a first diode coupled between a negative supply voltage and the first terminal of the secondary winding; and a first capacitor coupled between the negative supply voltage and the electrical ground. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The power conversion circuit of claim 10 wherein the converter further includes: a second diode coupled between a positive supply voltage and the secondary winding; and a second capacitor coupled between the positive supply voltage and the electrical ground. ### Claim 12 A device, comprising: a bridge rectifier, including: first and second input nodes, first and second output nodes, a first diode coupled between the first input node and the first output node, a second diode coupled between the second input node and the first output node, a third diode coupled between the first input node and the second output node, and a fourth diode coupled between the second input node and the second output node; a first current limiting resistor coupled between the third diode and the second output node; a second current limiting resistor coupled between the fourth diode and the second output node; a first silicon controlled rectifier coupled between the first input node and the second output node, the first silicon controlled rectifier having a first control terminal; and a second silicon controlled rectifier coupled between the second input node and the second output node, the second silicon controlled rectifier having a second control terminal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The device of claim 12, further comprising: a first driver coupled between the first current limiting resistor and the first control terminal of the first silicon controlled rectifier, the first driver configured to control the first silicon controlled rectifier based on a current through the first current limiting resistor; and a second driver coupled between the second current limiting resistor and the second control terminal of the second silicon controlled rectifier, the second driver configured to control the second silicon controlled rectifier based on a current through the second current limiting resistor. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13 wherein the second output node is an electrical ground. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The device of claim 14 wherein the first driver includes a first comparator having a first input terminal coupled to the first current limiting resistor and a second input terminal coupled to a reference voltage, the first comparator configured to turn on the first silicon controlled rectifier in response to a voltage at the first input terminal being higher than the reference voltage, and wherein the second driver includes a second comparator having a first input terminal coupled to the second current limiting resistor and a second input terminal coupled to the reference voltage, the second comparator configured to turn on the second silicon controlled rectifier in response to a voltage at the first input terminal of the second comparator being higher in absolute magnitude than the reference voltage. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15 wherein the first and second drivers are configured to turn on the first and second silicon controlled rectifiers, respectively, by coupling the respective first and second control terminals to a negative power supply. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, further comprising: a power factor correction circuit; and a converter coupled to the power factor correction circuit, the power factor correction circuit electrically coupled between the converter and the bridge rectifier, the converter configured to generate the negative supply voltage referenced to the electrical ground. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The device of claim 17 wherein the converter includes: a primary winding coupled to the power factor correction circuit; a secondary winding having a first terminal; a first diode coupled between a negative supply voltage and the first terminal of the secondary winding; and a first capacitor coupled between the negative supply voltage and the electrical ground. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The device of claim 12 wherein the first and second silicon controlled rectifiers are anode-gate silicon controlled rectifiers. ### Claim 20 A method of manufacturing a power conversion circuit, the power conversion circuit including a bridge rectifier having first and second input terminals and first and second output terminals, the method comprising: coupling a current limiting resistor between the second output terminal and an electrical ground; coupling first and second terminals of a controllable current switching device across the current limiting resistor; electrically coupling a driver between a first terminal of the current limiting resistor and the third terminal of the current switching device, the driver configured to control an operation of the current switching device based on a voltage across the current limiting resistor; and electrically coupling, by the driver, the third terminal of the current switching device to a negative power supply based on a current through the current limiting resistor. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20 wherein electrically coupling the driver between the first terminal of the current limiting resistor and the third terminal of the current switching device includes: electrically coupling the first terminal of the current limiting resistor to an inverting input of a comparator; and electrically coupling a reference voltage to a non-inverting input of the comparator.