# US 10,483,861 B1 · Flyback converter controller with single pin detection of over-voltage and auxiliary winding faults > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,483,861 B1 - Document ID: US10483861B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 16/119,108 - Filed: 2018-08-31 - Granted: 2019-11-19 - Earliest claimed: 2018-08-31 - Assignees: Dialog Semiconductor GmbH - Applicants: Dialog Semiconductor Inc. - Inventors: Guang Feng; Jiang Yu; Qifeng Shi; Qiu Sha; Xiaolin Gao; Yong Xiong Lin - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10483861B1 ## CPC - H02M 3/33523: {with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop} - H02M 1/32: Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection - H02M 1/36: Means for starting or stopping converters - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) ## Abstract A flyback converter controller is provided with a single terminal through which the flyback converter controller senses for over-voltage faults for an input voltage and also senses for open circuit faults for an auxiliary winding. A first voltage divider provides a divided version of the input voltage to the single terminal. The controller compares a voltage for the single terminal to at least one over-voltage threshold to detect the over-voltage fault for the input voltage. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A flyback converter, comprising: an input voltage rail for providing an input voltage to a primary winding of a transformer; a controller having an auxiliary winding and over-voltage fault terminal; a first voltage divider configured to couple a divided version of the input voltage to the auxiliary winding and over-voltage fault terminal and configured to couple a divided version of an auxiliary winding voltage to the auxiliary winding and over-voltage fault terminal; and a second voltage divider configured to divide the voltage for the auxiliary winding into a divided voltage, wherein the controller includes a feedback terminal for receiving the divided voltage, and wherein the controller is configured to compare a voltage for the auxiliary winding and over-voltage fault terminal to at least one over-voltage threshold to detect an over-voltage fault for the input voltage and is configured to control a cycling of a power switch transistor during a normal mode of operation responsive to the divided voltage, and is further configured to test for an open circuit fault for the auxiliary winding prior to the normal mode of operation responsive to a comparison of the divided voltage to an open circuit threshold voltage. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The flyback converter of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to test for the open circuit fault through an application of a testing voltage to the feedback terminal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The flyback converter of claim 1, wherein the first voltage divider comprises: a first resistor connected between the input voltage rail and the auxiliary winding and over-voltage fault terminal; and a second resistor connected between the auxiliary winding and over-voltage fault terminal and ground. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The flyback converter of claim 3, wherein the first voltage divider further comprises a third resistor connected between the auxiliary winding and over-voltage fault terminal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The flyback converter of claim 4, wherein a resistance of the first resistor is greater than a resistance of the second resistor, and wherein a resistance of the third resistor is greater than a resistance of the second resistor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The flyback converter of claim 4, wherein the resistance of the first resistor is greater than twice the resistance of the second resistor, and wherein the resistance of the third resistor is greater than twice the resistance of the second resistor. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The flyback converter of claim 1, wherein the at least one over-voltage threshold comprises a plurality of over-voltage thresholds. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The flyback converter of claim 1, further comprising: a bleed switch transistor coupled between the input voltage rail and ground, wherein the controller is further configured to switch on the bleed switch transistor responsive to a detection of the over-voltage fault. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The flyback converter of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to stop the cycling of the power switch transistor during the normal mode of operation responsive to the detection of the over-voltage fault. ### Claim 10 A method, comprising: in a first voltage divider, dividing the input voltage on a flyback converter input voltage rail for a flyback converter into a first divided voltage; in the first voltage divider, dividing an auxiliary winding voltage for the flyback converter into a second divided voltage; through a single terminal on a controller for the flyback converter, comparing the second divided voltage to at least one threshold voltage to determine whether the input voltage has an over-voltage fault; through a second voltage divider, dividing the auxiliary winding voltage into a third divided voltage; sensing the third divided voltage through a second terminal on the controller; controlling a cycling of a power switch for the flyback converter to regulate an output voltage responsive to the sensing of the third divided voltage; and switching on a bleeder switch responsive to the input voltage having the over-voltage fault to lower the input voltage. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: prior to the cycling of the power switch, driving a voltage from the controller into the single terminal to apply a test voltage to the second terminal; sensing the test voltage through the second terminal; and comparing the test voltage sensed through the second terminal to an open circuit threshold to determine whether an auxiliary winding has an open circuit fault. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: stopping the cycling of the power switch responsive to the input voltage having the over-voltage fault. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein lowering the input voltage further comprises draining charge from an input capacitor coupled to the input voltage rail. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one voltage threshold comprises a plurality of voltage thresholds. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising filtering a voltage for the single terminal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein filtering the voltage for the single terminal comprises smoothing the voltage for the single terminal through a capacitor.