# US 10,483,566 B2 · Method and control sub-system for operating a power generation system having a fuel-cell > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,483,566 B2 - Document ID: US10483566B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/925,791 - Filed: 2018-03-20 - Published: 2019-09-26 - Granted: 2019-11-19 - Earliest claimed: 2018-03-20 - Assignees: Cummins Enterprise LLC - Applicants: Cummins Enterprise LLC - Inventors: Honggang Wang; Andrew Philip Shapiro - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10483566B2 ## CPC - H01M 8/04228: during shut-down - H01M 4/9016: {Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts} - H01M 8/04007: related to heat exchange - H01M 8/04126: {Humidifying} - H01M 8/045: {of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell} - H01M 8/04589: {of fuel cell stacks} - H01M 8/04791: Concentration; Density (H01M8/04828 takes precedence) - H01M 8/04828: Humidity; Water content - H01M 8/04835: {of fuel cell reactants} - H01M 8/0491: {of fuel cell stacks} - H01M 8/04917: {of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors} - H01M 8/04947: {of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors} - H01M 8/04955: Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells - H01M 8/1027: having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES] - H01M 2008/1293: {Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes} - H01M 2008/147: {Fuel cells with molten carbonates} - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY ## Abstract A method for operating a power generation system including a fuel-cell is presented. The method includes detecting a water deficient condition of the fuel-cell. The method further includes operating, in response to detecting the water deficient condition of the fuel-cell, at least one auxiliary load of the power generation system via use of an electrical current generated by the fuel-cell to maintain a steam-carbon ratio in the fuel-cell above a threshold steam-carbon ratio value. A control sub-system for operating the power generation system is also presented. Moreover, a power generation system including the fuel-cell, the least one auxiliary load, and the control sub-system is presented. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for operating a power generation system comprising a fuel-cell, the method comprising: detecting a water deficient condition of the fuel-cell; and operating, in response to detecting the water deficient condition of the fuel-cell, at least one auxiliary load of the power generation system via use of an electrical current generated by the fuel-cell to maintain a steam-carbon ratio in the fuel-cell above a threshold steam-carbon ratio value. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one auxiliary load comprises an internal electrical load of the power generation system. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the water deficient condition of the fuel-cell comprises determining if a magnitude of the electrical current generated by the fuel-cell is lower than a threshold current value, and wherein the threshold current value corresponds to the electrical current generated by the fuel-cell at the threshold steam-carbon ratio value. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one auxiliary load comprises a steam boiler, an air blower, fuel blower, an add-on load, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein operating the at least one auxiliary load comprises: operating the steam boiler and one or more of the air blower, the fuel blower, and the add-on load via use of the electrical current generated by the fuel-cell; and supplying steam generated by the steam boiler to the fuel-cell. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein operating the at least one auxiliary load comprises electrically connecting the at least one auxiliary load to the fuel-cell via a direct-current (DC) link operatively coupled to an output power port of the fuel-cell. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein operating the at least one auxiliary load comprises electrically connecting the at least one auxiliary load to the fuel-cell via an alternating-current (AC) link, wherein the AC-link is coupled to an output power port of an inverter of the power generation system, and wherein an input power port of the inverter is coupled to an output power port of the fuel-cell via a DC-link. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold steam-carbon ratio value is in a range from about 2.5 to about 3. ### Claim 9 A control sub-system for operating a power generation system, wherein the power generation system comprises a fuel-cell and at least one auxiliary load, the control sub-system comprising: a sensor coupled to the fuel-cell and configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of an electrical current generated by the fuel-cell; one or more switches coupled between the fuel-cell and the at least one auxiliary load; and a controller operatively coupled to the sensor and the one or more switches, wherein the controller is configured to: detect a water deficient condition of the fuel-cell based on the electrical signal generated by the sensor; and operate, if the water deficient condition is detected, the at least one auxiliary load of the power generation system via use of the electrical current generated by the fuel-cell to maintain a steam-carbon ratio in the fuel-cell above a threshold steam-carbon ratio value. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The control sub-system of claim 9, wherein the water deficient condition is caused due to a loss of an external load, a premature shut-down of the power generation system, a scheduled shut-down of the power generation system, or an abnormality of one or more internal components of the power generation system, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The control sub-system of claim 9, wherein the one or more switches are coupled to the fuel-cell via a direct-current (DC) link or an alternating-current (AC) link. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The control sub-system of claim 9, wherein to operate the at least one auxiliary load of the power generation system via use of the electrical current generated by the fuel-cell, the controller is configured to operate the one or more switches in a conducting state. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The control sub-system of claim 9, wherein the at least one auxiliary load comprises an internal electrical load of the power generation system. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The control sub-system of claim 9, wherein the at least one auxiliary load comprises a steam boiler, an air blower, a fuel blower, a fuel flow regulator, an add-on load, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The control sub-system of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to: operate the steam boiler and one or more of the air blower, the fuel blower, the fuel flow regulator, and the add-on load via use of the electrical current generated by the fuel-cell; and supply steam generated by the steam boiler to the fuel-cell. ### Claim 16 A power generation system, comprising: a fuel-cell; at least one auxiliary load; a control sub-system operatively coupled to the fuel-cell and the at least one auxiliary load, the control sub-system comprising: a sensor coupled to the fuel-cell and configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of an electrical current generated by the fuel-cell; one or more switches coupled between the fuel-cell and the at least one auxiliary load; a controller operatively coupled to the sensor and the one or more switches, wherein the controller is configured to: detect a water deficient condition of the fuel-cell based on the electrical signal generated by the sensor; and operate, if the water deficient condition is detected, the at least one auxiliary load of the power generation system via use of the electrical current generated by the fuel-cell to maintain a steam-carbon ratio in the fuel-cell above a threshold steam-carbon ratio value. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The power generation system of claim 16, further comprising an inverter, a direct-current (DC) link, and an alternating-current (AC) link, wherein an input power port of the inverter is electrically connected to the fuel-cell via the DC-link and an output power port of the inverter is electrically connected to the AC-link, and wherein the one or more switches are coupled to the fuel-cell via the DC-link or the AC-link. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The power generation system of claim 16, wherein the at least one auxiliary load comprises a steam boiler, an air blower, a fuel blower, a fuel flow regulator, an add-on load, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The power generation system of claim 18, wherein the steam boiler is coupled to a water source and configured to generate steam using water received from the water source. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The power generation system of claim 18, further comprising: a fuel reformer; a water separator fluidly coupled to the fuel reformer; and an internal water tank fluidly coupled to the water separator and configured to receive water from the fuel reformer, wherein the steam boiler is coupled to the internal water tank and configured to receive the water from the internal water tank and generate steam using the water received from the internal water tank.