# US 10,483,411 B2 · Solar cell and solar cell module > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,483,411 B2 - Document ID: US10483411B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/000,921 - Filed: 2018-06-06 - Published: 2019-01-03 - Granted: 2019-11-19 - Earliest claimed: 2017-06-30 - Assignees: Panasonic Corporation - Applicants: Panasonic Corporation - Inventors: Takashi Nishihara; Shinya Fujimura; Takayuki Negami - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10483411B2 ## CPC - H10K 85/50: Organic perovskites; Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites [HOIP], e.g. CH3NH3PbI3 - H10F 19/00: Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules - H10F 77/12: Active materials - H10F 77/211: {for photovoltaic cells} - H10K 30/10: comprising heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors - H10K 30/81: Electrodes - H10K 30/82: Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes - H10K 39/12: Electrical configurations of PV cells, e.g. series connections or parallel connections - Y02B 10/10: Photovoltaic [PV] - Y02E 10/549: Organic PV cells - H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES - H10F: INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A solar cell includes: a first electrode; a first hole transport layer containing nickel; an inorganic material layer containing titanium; a light-absorbing layer converting light into electric charge; and a second electrode. The first electrode, the first hole transport layer, the inorganic material layer, the light-absorbing layer, and the second electrode are layered in that order. The light-absorbing layer contains a perovskite compound represented by a formula AMX3, where A is a monovalent cation, M is a divalent cation, and X is a monovalent anion. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A solar cell comprising: a first electrode; a first hole transport layer containing nickel and lithium; an inorganic material layer containing titanium; a light-absorbing layer converting light into electric charge; a second hole transport layer, located between the first hole transport layer and the inorganic material layer, containing nickel and lithium; and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode, the first hole transport layer, the inorganic material layer, the light-absorbing layer, and the second electrode are layered in that order, the light-absorbing layer contains a perovskite compound represented by a formula AMX3, where A is a monovalent cation, M is a divalent cation, and X is a monovalent anion, and an atomic ratio of lithium to all metal elements in the second hole transport layer is less than an atomic ratio of lithium to all metal elements in the first hole transport layer. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the first hole transport layer further contains magnesium. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein an atomic ratio of lithium to all the metal elements in the first hole transport layer is 1% or more and 30% or less. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the inorganic material layer is less than a thickness of the first hole transport layer. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer has a thickness of 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less. ### Claim 6 A solar cell module comprising: a substrate; and first and second unit cells that are located on the substrate and that are connected in series to each other, each of the first and second unit cells including: a first electrode; a first hole transport layer containing nickel and lithium; an inorganic material layer containing titanium; a light-absorbing layer converting light into electric charge; a second hole transport layer, located between the first hole transport layer and the inorganic material layer, containing nickel and lithium; and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode, the first hole transport layer, the inorganic material layer, the light-absorbing layer, and the second electrode are layered on the substrate in that order, the light-absorbing layer contains a perovskite compound represented by a formula AMX3, where A is a monovalent cation, M is a divalent cation, and X is a monovalent anion, the first electrode, the first hole transport layer, and the inorganic material layer of the first unit cell are separated from the first electrode, the first hole transport layer, and the inorganic material layer of the second unit cell by a trench, the light-absorbing layer of the first unit cell is in contact with the first hole transport layer of the first unit cell and the first hole transport layer of the second unit cell in the trench, and an atomic ratio of lithium to all metal elements in the second hole transport layer is less than an atomic ratio of lithium to all metal elements in the first hole transport layer. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The solar cell module according to claim 6, wherein the first hole transport layer further contains magnesium. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The solar cell module according to claim 6, wherein an atomic ratio of lithium to all the metal elements in the first hole transport layer is 1% or more and 30% or less. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The solar cell module according to claim 6, wherein a thickness of the inorganic material layer is less than a thickness of the first hole transport layer. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The solar cell module according to claim 6, wherein the inorganic material layer has a thickness of 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less. ### Claim 11 A solar cell comprising: a first electrode; a first hole transport layer containing nickel and lithium; an inorganic material layer containing titanium; a light-absorbing layer converting light into electric charge; a second hole transport layer, located between the first hole transport layer and the inorganic material layer, containing nickel and substantially no lithium; and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode, the first hole transport layer, the inorganic material layer, the light-absorbing layer, and the second electrode are layered in that order, and the light-absorbing layer contains a perovskite compound represented by a formula AMX3, where A is a monovalent cation, M is a divalent cation, and X is a monovalent anion. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The solar cell according to claim 11, wherein the first hole transport layer further contains magnesium. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The solar cell according to claim 11, wherein an atomic ratio of lithium to all the metal elements in the first hole transport layer is 1% or more and 30% or less. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The solar cell according to claim 11, wherein a thickness of the inorganic material layer is less than a thickness of the first hole transport layer. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The solar cell according to claim 11, wherein the inorganic material layer has a thickness of 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less. ### Claim 16 A solar cell module comprising: a substrate; and first and second unit cells that are located on the substrate and that are connected in series to each other, each of the first and second unit cells including: a first electrode; a first hole transport layer containing nickel and lithium; an inorganic material layer containing titanium; a light-absorbing layer converting light into electric charge; a second hole transport layer, located between the first hole transport layer and the inorganic material layer, containing nickel and substantially no lithium; and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode, the first hole transport layer, the inorganic material layer, the light-absorbing layer, and the second electrode are layered on the substrate in that order; the light-absorbing layer contains a perovskite compound represented by a formula AMX3, where A is a monovalent cation, M is a divalent cation, and X is a monovalent anion; the first electrode, the first hole transport layer, and the inorganic material layer of the first unit cell are separated from the first electrode, the first hole transport layer, and the inorganic material layer of the second unit cell by a trench; and the light-absorbing layer of the first unit cell is in contact with the first hole transport layer of the first unit cell and the first hole transport layer of the second unit cell in the trench. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The solar cell according to claim 16, wherein the first hole transport layer further contains magnesium. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The solar cell according to claim 16, wherein an atomic ratio of lithium to all the metal elements in the first hole transport layer is 1% or more and 30% or less. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The solar cell according to claim 16, wherein a thickness of the inorganic material layer is less than a thickness of the first hole transport layer. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The solar cell according to claim 16, wherein the inorganic material layer has a thickness of 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less.