# US 10,483,045 B2 · Solar cell

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- Number: US 10,483,045 B2
- Document ID: US10483045B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/326,228
- Filed: 2015-07-22
- Published: 2017-07-13
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2014-07-22
- Assignees: LG Chem, Ltd.
- Applicants: LG Chem, Ltd.
- Inventors: Seiyong Kim; Mun Kyu Joo; Jong Seok Kim; Junhyuk Jang
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10483045B2

## CPC

- H10K 85/211: {Fullerenes, e.g. C60}
- H01G 9/2009: {Solid electrolytes}
- H10K 85/30: Coordination compounds
- H10K 85/50: Organic perovskites; Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites [HOIP], e.g. CH3NH3PbI3
- H10K 85/633: {comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom}
- H10K 85/6572: {comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole}
- H01G 9/2031: {comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2 (H01G9/2036 takes precedence)}
- H10K 71/30: Doping active layers, e.g. electron transporting layers
- H10K 85/626: {containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene}
- Y02E 10/542: Dye sensitized solar cells
- Y02E 10/549: Organic PV cells
- H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H01G: CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE (selection of specified materials as dielectric H01B3/00; capacitors having potential barriers H10D1/62, H10K10/10)
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

The present specification relates to a solar cell.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A solar cell comprising:
an anode;
a cathode provided to face the anode; and
a photoactive layer comprising a compound having a perovskite structure provided between the anode and the cathode,
wherein one layer of a first organic material, one layer of a second organic material, an other layer of the first organic material, and an other layer of the second organic material are sequentially provided between the anode and the photoactive layer,
the first organic material comprises a compound of the following Chemical Formula 1, and
the second organic material comprises a hole transporting material having a HOMO energy level of −5 eV or less:
wherein in Chemical Formula 1:
R1 to R6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; a halogen group; a nitrile group; a nitro group; a sulfonyl group; a sulfoxide group; a sulfonamide group; a sulfonate group; a trifluoromethyl group; an ester group; an amide group; a substituted or unsubstituted straight- or branch-chained C1 to C12 alkoxy group; a substituted or unsubstituted straight- or branch-chained C1 to C12 alkyl group; substituted or unsubstituted straight- or branch-chained C2 to C12 alkenyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic group; a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or di-arylamine group; and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkylamine group.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The solar cell of claim 1, wherein any one of the first organic material layers is provided to be directly brought into contact with the anode.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The solar cell of claim 1, wherein any one of the second organic material layers is provided to be directly brought into contact with the photoactive layer.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The solar cell of claim 1, wherein a difference between a LUMO energy level of the compound of Chemical Formula 1 and a HOMO energy level of the hole transporting material is 0.5 eV or less.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The solar cell of claim 1, wherein any one of the second organic material layers further comprises a material having a work function of 4.5 eV or less.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The solar cell of claim 1, wherein each of the first organic material layers has a thickness of 1 nm to 100 nm.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The solar cell of claim 1, wherein each of the second organic material layers has a thickness of 5 nm to 100 nm.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the compound having a perovskite structure satisfies the following Structural Formula 1-1:
AB(1-y)B′yX(3-Z)X′Z [Structural Formula 1-1]
wherein:
A is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nitrogen ion, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent carbon ion, and an alkali metal ion or alkaline earth metal ion,
B and B′ are each independently a positive ion of a transition metal, and
X and X′ are each independently a negative ion of an element selected from the group selected as Groups XVI and XVII, 0≤y≤1, and 0≤z≤3.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The solar cell of claim 8, wherein A is a monovalent ion of the following Chemical Formula 2-1:
[A′DA″(1-p)]+ [Chemical Formula 2-1]
wherein:
A′ and A″ are each independently Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, or Cs+, and
0≤p≤1.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The solar cell of claim 8, wherein A is a monovalent ion of Chemical Formula 2-2:
wherein in Chemical Formula 2-2:
R11 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and
R12 to R14 are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The solar cell of claim 8, wherein A is a monovalent ion of Chemical Formula 2-3:
wherein in Chemical Formula 2-3:
R15, R16 and R17 are a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or NR′R″, and
R′ and R″ are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the compound having a perovskite structure satisfies any one of the following Chemical Formulae 2-1 to 2-6:
CH3NH3PbX(3-Z)X′Z [Structural Formula 2-1]
HC(NH2)2PbX(3-Z)X′Z [Structural Formula 2-2]
CH3NH3SnX(3-Z)X′Z [Structural Formula 2-3]
HC(NH2)2SnX(3-Z)X′Z [Structural Formula 2-4]
CH3NH3PbySn(1-y)X(3-Z)X′Z [Structural Formula 2-5]
HC(NH2)2PbySn(1-y)X(3-Z)X′Z [Structural Formula 2-6]
in Chemical Formulae 2-1 to 2-6,
X and X′ are each independently a halogen ion, y is a real number of 0 to 1, and z is a real number of 0 to 3.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the photoactive layer further comprises a metal compound.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The solar cell of claim 1, further comprising:
a substrate,
wherein the anode or the cathode is provided on the substrate.