# US 10,481,287 B2 · Surface consistent statics solution and amplification correction

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- Number: US 10,481,287 B2
- Document ID: US10481287B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/229,669
- Filed: 2016-08-05
- Published: 2018-02-08
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2016-08-05
- Assignees: Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Applicants: Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Inventors: Mamadou Sanou Diallo
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10481287B2

## CPC

- G01V 1/362: {Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking}
- G01V 1/364: {Seismic filtering (G01V1/37 takes precedence)}
- G01V 2210/53: Statics correction, e.g. weathering layer or transformation to a datum
- G01V: GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS (means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons A63B29/02)

## Abstract

Methods for correcting seismic signals by determining a signature of an outcropping geobody (e.g., a sand dune) from unprocessed seismic data, attenuating the seismic data using a variable gap deconvolution, and performing a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction on the seismic data. A signature associated with the outcropping geobody and corresponding to the geometry of the geobody may be identified from the unprocessed seismic data. The signature may be used in subsequent processing, such for the determination of a variable gap length for a variable gap deconvolution applied to the seismic data. Computer-readable media and systems for correcting seismic signals are also provided.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A computer implemented method for producing corrected seismic data from seismic data generated from a plurality of seismic receiver stations configured to sense seismic signals originating from a plurality of seismic source stations, wherein at least one of the plurality of seismic source stations or one of the plurality of seismic receiver stations is positioned on an outcropping geobody, the method comprising:
obtaining, by a processor, at least one seismic trace, the at least one seismic trace comprising unprocessed seismic data;
identifying, from the unprocessed seismic data, a signature associated with the geobody, the signature corresponding to a geometry of the geobody;
performing, by the processor, a variable gap deconvolution to attenuate the signature and generate processed seismic data without near-surface reverberations caused by the outcropping geobody; and
performing, by the processor, a frequency-dependent amplitude correction on the processed seismic data to produce corrected seismic data, wherein at least one of the plurality of seismic source stations or plurality of seismic receiver stations is positioned on a near-surface feature having less distortion effects than the outcropping geobody and the corrected seismic data comprises first corrected seismic data;
performing, by the processor, a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction on the corrected seismic data to produce second corrected seismic data.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the outcropping geobody comprises a sand dune.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, from unprocessed seismic data, a signature associated with the geobody comprises performing image-recognition on the unprocessed seismic data to identify the signature.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein performing a variable gap deconvolution to attenuate the signature and generate processed seismic data comprises determining a variable gap length from the signature.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein performing the surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction on the first corrected seismic data to produce second corrected seismic data comprises:
scaling a surface consistent receiver term by a source term, the receiver term corresponding to one of the plurality of receiver stations and the source term corresponding to one of the plurality of source stations;
determining the scaled surface consistent receiver term; and
determining, using the scaled surface consistent receiver term, a surface consistent source waveform and a surface consistent receiver waveform.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein performing, by the processor, a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction comprises defining as S(i,j) a first seismic trace as a function of time t from an ith source station to a jth, such that S(i,j) comprises:
S(i,j)(t)=si(t)*rj(t)*Gijj(t)
wherein si(t) is the waveform component associated with the ith source station, rj(t) is the waveform component associated with the jth receiver station, and Gij(t) is the waveform component of the earth impulse response between the locations of the ith source station and jth receiver station.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein performing, by the processor, a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction comprises defining as S(i,p) a second seismic trace as a function of time t from the ith source and pth receiver, such that S(i,p) comprises:
S(i,p)(t)=si(t)*rp(t)*Gip(t)
wherein si(t) is the waveform component associated with the ith source station, rp(t) is the waveform component associated with the jth receiver station, and Gip(t) is the waveform component of the earth impulse response between the locations of the ith source station and jth receiver station.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein performing, by the processor, a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction comprises defining {tilde over (Q)}(i,j,p)(ω) as the amplitude of a ratio of the temporal Fourier transforms of the first seismic trace and the second seismic trace, such that {tilde over (Q)}(i,j,p)(ω) comprises:
{tilde over (Q)}(i,j,p)(ω)=(ω)+{tilde over (G)}ij(ω)−(ω)−{tilde over (G)}ij(ω)
wherein {tilde over (r)}ij(ω)=(ω)=ln [i(ω){circumflex over (r)}j(ω)|], {tilde over (r)}ip(ω)=(ω)=ln [i(ω){circumflex over (r)}p(ω)|], and {tilde over (G)}ij(ω)=ln [ij(ω)|], and {tilde over (G)}ip(ω)=ln [ip(ω)|].

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein performing, by the processor, a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction comprises defining p as a last seismic trace of a shot gather, such that {tilde over (Q)}(i,j,p)(ω) comprises:
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### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein performing, by the processor, a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction comprises defining {tilde over (Q)}(i,j,p)(ω) in matrix notation, such that {tilde over (Q)}(i,j,p)(ω) comprises:
{tilde over (Q)}=A{tilde over (X)}
Wherein A is a sparse matrix with dimensions (p−1)×(2×p), {tilde over (X)} is a column vector with (2×p) unknowns (consisting of p surface consistent receiver terms scaled by the source term and p earth impulse response components) and {tilde over (Q)} is a column vector with (p−1) elements.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein performing, by the processor, a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction comprises defining the scaled receiver term for each shot i as {tilde over (r)}ij(ω), such that {tilde over (r)}ij(ω) comprises:
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### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein performing, by the processor, a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction comprises defining {tilde over (r)}ij(ω) in matrix notation, such that {tilde over (r)}ij(ω) comprises:
{tilde over (R)}i=Ai{tilde over (X)}i
wherein Ai is a sparse matrix with dimensions (p−1)×(p+1), {tilde over (X)}i is a column vector with p+1 unknowns (consisting of p surface consistent receiver terms and the source term for shot i).

### Claim 13

A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having executable code stored thereon for producing corrected seismic data from seismic data generated from a plurality of seismic receiver stations configured to sense seismic signals originating from a plurality of seismic source stations, wherein at least one of the plurality of seismic source stations or one of the plurality of seismic receiver stations is positioned on an outcropping geobody, the executable code comprising a set of instructions that causes a processor to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by the processor, at least one seismic trace, the at least one seismic trace comprising unprocessed seismic data;
identifying, from the unprocessed seismic data, a signature associated with the geobody, the signature corresponding to a geometry of the geobody;
performing, by the processor, a variable gap deconvolution to attenuate the signature and generate processed seismic data without near-surface reverberations caused by the outcropping geobody; and
performing, by the processor, a frequency-dependent amplitude correction on the processed seismic data to produce corrected seismic data, wherein at least one of the plurality of seismic source stations or plurality of seismic receiver stations is positioned on a near-surface feature having less distortion effects than the outcropping geobody and the corrected seismic data comprises first corrected seismic data;
performing, by the processor, a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction on the corrected seismic data to produce second corrected seismic data.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the outcropping geobody comprises a sand dune.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein identifying, from unprocessed seismic data, a signature associated with the geobody, comprises performing image-recognition on the unprocessed seismic data to identify the signature.

### Claim 16 (depends on 13)

The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein performing a variable gap deconvolution to attenuate the signature and generate processed seismic data comprises determining a variable gap length from the signature.

### Claim 17 (depends on 13)

The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein performing a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction on the attenuated seismic data to produce corrected seismic data comprises:
scaling a surface consistent receiver term by a source term, the receiver term corresponding to one of the plurality of receiver stations and the source term corresponding to one of the plurality of source stations;
determining the scaled surface consistent receiver term; and
determining using the scaled surface consistent receiver term, a surface consistent source waveform and a surface consistent receiver waveform.

### Claim 18

A system, comprising:
a plurality of seismic source stations, wherein at least one of the plurality of seismic source stations is positioned on an outcropping geobody;
a plurality of seismic receiver stations configured to sense seismic signals originating from the plurality of seismic source stations;
a seismic data processor;
a non-transitory computer-readable storage memory accessible by the seismic data processor and having executable code stored thereon for producing corrected seismic data from seismic data generated from the plurality of seismic receiver stations, the executable code comprising a set of instructions that causes the seismic data processor to perform operations comprising:
obtaining at least one seismic trace, the at least one seismic trace comprising unprocessed seismic data;
identifying, from the unprocessed seismic data, a signature associated with the geobody, the signature corresponding to a geometry of the geobody;
performing a variable gap deconvolution to attenuate the signature and generate processed seismic data without near-surface reverberations caused by the outcropping geobody; and
performing a frequency-dependent amplitude correction on the processed seismic data to produce corrected seismic data, wherein at least one of the plurality of seismic source stations or plurality of seismic receiver stations is positioned on a near-surface feature having less distortion effects than the outcropping geobody and the corrected seismic data comprises first corrected seismic data;
performing, by the processor, a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction on the corrected seismic data to produce second corrected seismic data.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The system of claim 18, wherein the outcropping geobody comprises a sand dune.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The system of claim 18, wherein identifying, from unprocessed seismic data, a signature associated with the geobody, comprises performing image-recognition on the unprocessed seismic data to identify the signature.

### Claim 21 (depends on 18)

The system of claim 18, wherein performing a variable gap deconvolution to attenuate the signature and generate processed seismic data comprises determining a variable gap length from the signature.

### Claim 22 (depends on 18)

The system of claim 18, wherein performing a surface consistent deconvolution and amplitude correction on the attenuated seismic data to produce corrected seismic data comprises:
scaling a surface consistent receiver term by a source term, the receiver term corresponding to one of the plurality of receiver stations and the source term corresponding to one of the plurality of source stations;
determining the scaled surface consistent receiver term; and
determining using the scaled surface consistent receiver term, a surface consistent source waveform and a surface consistent receiver waveform.